434 research outputs found

    Evaluation of preparation, characterization and surface adsorption studies of chemical crosslinked acrylamide polymeric composites based 2-acrylamido?2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and montmorillonite

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    Bu çalışmada, akrilamid monomeri ile birlikte 2-akrilamido-2-metil-1-propansülfonik asit gibi bir yardımcı monomer ile kompozit bir yapı oluşturmak amacı ile doğal bir polimer olan karboksimetil selüloz ve montmorillonit gibi bir kil mineralinin oluşturduğu kimyasal çapraz bağlı kopolimerlerin üretimi amaçlanmıştır. Hidrojeller, çapraz bağlayıcı olarak poli(etilen glikol) diakrilat’ın kullanılmasıyla çözelti ortamında serbest radikalik polimerleşme tepkimesi ile hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan kimyasal çapraz bağlı polimerlerin yapısal karakterizasyonu Fourier Transform Infrared Spektroskopisi (FT-IR) kullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Hidrojellerin yüzey gözenekliliği hakkında bilgi edinebilmek için Taramalı Elektron Mikroskopisi (SEM) mikrografları alınmıştır. Çapraz bağlı kopolimerlerin şişme özelliklerini araştırmak amacıyla 25oC’da dinamik şişme testleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler yardımıyla şişme kinetiği ve difüzyon mekanizması ile ilgili parametreler hesaplanmıştır. Hidrojellerin soğurum özelliklerinin araştırılması amacıyla model molekül olarak lauths violet gibi katyonik bir boyarmadde seçilmiştir. Çapraz bağlı kopolimerlerin sulu çözeltilerden lauths violet boyarmaddesini yüksek oranda soğurdukları belirlenmiştir.In this study, acrylamide monomer and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid as a comonomer and in order to form a composite structure with carboxymethyl cellulose as a naturel polymer and montmorillonite as a clay mineral have been synthesized for the production of chemically crosslinked copolymers. Hydrogel systems were prepared by free radical polymerization in aqueous solution using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as a crosslinker. Structural characterization of prepared chemically crosslinked polymers were tried to determine by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs were taken for determination of surface porosity of hydrogels. Dynamic swelling tests were applied at 25oC for the purpose of investigation of swelling properties of crosslinked copolymers. According to obtained data, parameters concerning swelling kinetics and diffusion mechanism were calculated. A cationic dye such as lauths violet was selected as model molecule to investigate of adsorption properties of hydrogels. It was determined that crosslinked copolymers adsorbed dye of lauths violet from aqueous solutions in high level

    Evaluation of irrigation applications in the lands intervened from surface irrigation system to collective pressurized irrigation system in Aydin region

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    Ülkemizde kısıtlı olan tatlı su kaynaklarımızın kullanımında daha az su, enerji ve iş gücü kullanımını sağlayan doğru projelendirilmiş basınçlı sulama teknolojilerinin uygulamaya konulması, tarımsal üretimimizin daha istikrarlı ve sürdürülebilir olması için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırma, Aydın ili Karacasu ilçesi Ataeymir beldesindeki Ataeymir Sulama Kooperatifine ait yer altı kuyularından çıkarılan suyla yapılan yüzey sulama sisteminden, toplu basınçlı sulama sistemine geçiş sonrasında bölgede yaşanan değişikliklerin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Sulama sistemindeki değişikliğin ürün desenine, ürün verimine, uygulanan sulama tekniklerine, sulama yönetimi biçimine, su kullanımına, çiftçi davranışlarına, sulama sahasının gelişimine ve sulama maliyetlerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla çalışma sahasında incelemelerde bulunulmuş ve rastgele seçilen Ataeymir Sulama Kooperatifi üyesi 60 kişi ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda yüzey sulamadan, toplu basınçlı sulamaya geçiş sırasında proje paydaşları tarafından çiftçilere sulama konusunda teorik ve uygulamalı eğitim verilmediği tespit edilmiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak da parsel içi damla sulama sistemini hatalı döşeyip değiştirenlerin oranı % 22 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplu basınçlı sulama sisteminden çiftçilerin % 100'ünün memnun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yüzey sulamadan damla sulamaya geçişle sağlanan verim artışı en yüksek % 21-30 arası olanların oranı % 24 ve en düşük hiç verim artışı olmayanların oranı % 10 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yabancı otlanmadaki azalmanın oranı en yüksek % 41-60 arası olanlar % 30 ve en düşük hiç yabancı otlanmada azalma olmayanların oranı % 10 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sulama işçiliğindeki azalmanın oranı en yüksek % 61-80 arası olanların oranı % 29 ve en düşük sulama işçiliğindeki azalmanın oranı % 5-20 arası olanların oranı % 13 olarak belirlenmiştir. Parsel içi damla sulama sisteminde kullanılan lateral borular üzerinde on line damlatıcı kullananların oranı % 57, in line damlatıcı kullananların oranı % 32 ve mini yağmurlayıcı kullananların oranının % 11 olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Implementing pressured irrigation technologies that are well conceptualized the projected provided less utilization of water, energy and labour into usage of restricted water resources in the country has a huge importance to be more consistent and sustainable in the country. This research was carried out to determine amendments consisted of in the region after intervened from surface irrigation system performed by the water obtained from underground holes belonging to Irrigation Cooperative of Ataeymir to collective pressured irrigation system placed in Ataeymir town in Karacasu district located in Aydın province. The effects of alteration in the irrigation system on crop pattern, product yield, applied irrigation techniques, irrigation management style, water utilization, farmer behaviours, development of irrigation area and irrigation costs were analysed. For this purpose, some investigations were conducted in the research region and also a survey study was performed with 60 persons randomly selected, who are the members of Irrigation Cooperative of Ataeymir. According to the research result, theoretical and applied training on irrigation could not be given to the farmers by the project stakeholders during intervened from surface irrigation system to collective pressurized irrigation system. As a consequence of this, the rate of the farmers, who also changed the drip irrigation system due to improper practices, was 22%. It is defined that 100% of the farmers are pleased to use collective pressured irrigation system. While the farmers defined highest yield increase 21-30% rate as 24%, the lowest rate as the farmers identified no yield increase, as 10% with transition from surface irrigation to drip irrigation. While the farmers determined the highest rate as 41-60% in decreasing of weed occurring as 30%, the lowest rate as the farmers defined no decreasing in weed occurring as 10%. While the farmers stated the highest rate as 61-80% in decreasing of irrigation labour as 29%, the lowest rate, 5-20% as the farmers determined as 13%. The rates of the farmers using on line drippers, in line drippers, and small springs on the lateral pipes using in interior drip irrigation of parcel system are defined as 57%, 32% and 11%, respectively

    Akut Bronşiolit Tanılı İnfantlarda Ortalama Platelet Hacmi, İkisi Arasında Bir Korelasyon Var Mı?

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    Aim: Acute bronchiolitis is the most common lowerrespiratory tract infection of children younger than 2 years ofage. There aren't any standardized diagnostic criteria andseverity assessment classifications for acute bronchiolitisavailable in literature. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has shownto be effected in inflammatory conditions and to ourknowledge there's only one recent study in children with acutebronchiolitis that demonstrated an association between MPVchange and acute brınchiolitis.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study weenrolled 555 children diagnosed with Acute bronchiolitis and516 healthy infants with a matching age and sex.Results: MPV levels were found significantly higher in patientgroup (8,2 ± 0,8 fL) than the control group (7,9 ± 0,8 fL). Interms of hospitalization need, no significant difference wasdetected between the MPV values of the hospitalized groupand the outpatients (8,3±0,8 fL; 8,2±0.7 fL, respectively).Conclusions: In conclusion, our data show that MPV valuesare significantly elevated in acute bronchiolitis compared tohealthy infants. However, MPV can't be used as a guidance inattack severity nor can it predict hospitalization and systemicsteroid need.Amaç: Akut bronşiolit, 2 yaşından küçük çocuklarda en sık görülen alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonudur. Literatürde akut bronşiolit için standart tanı kriterleri ve şiddet değerlendirme sınıflamaları mevcut değildir. Ortalama platelet hacminin (MPV) lokal inflamasyondan etkilendiği gösterilmiştir ve akut bronşiolit ile MPV ilişkisini gösteren tek bir çalışma bulunmaktadır. Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışmada MPV ile akut bronşiyolit arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi amaçladık, ayrıca hastalığın şiddetini değerlendirmede yararlı bir belirteç olup olmadığını araştırdık. Bu retrospektif çalışmada akut bronşiolitis tanısı alan 555 çocuğa ve eşleştirilmiş yaş ve cinsiyete sahip 516 sağlıklı bebek çalışma grubuna dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: MPV düzeyleri hasta grubunda (8,2 ± 0,8 fL) kontrol grubuna (7,9 ± 0,8 fL) göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Hastaneye yatış açısından hastaneye yatırılan grup ve poliklinik hastalarının MPV değerleri arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (sırası ile, 8,3 ± 0,8 fL; 8,2 ± 0,7 fL) Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, verilerimiz, akut bronşiolit varlığında MPV değerlerinin sağlıklı bebeklere göre anlamlı derecede yükseldiğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, MPV atak şiddetinde bir rehber olarak kullanılamaz ve hastaneye yatışı ve sistemik steroid ihtiyacını tahmin edemez

    Evaluation of Allergen Sensitization in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma in Tekirdag

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    Aim: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are the most prevalent allergic diseases, and environmental allergens are important factors in the pathogenesis and the exacerbation of these diseases. Although there are many studies investigating aeroallergen sensitivities in different regions of our country, this study aimed to identify the aeroallergen sensitization in the Tekirdag province in the part of Turkey in Europe, namely Thrace, where it is important to know aeroallergen sensitivities. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and sixty children with asthma and AR who were followed up and had at least one aeroallergen sensitivity in a skin prick test (SPT) were retrospectively evaluated. All patients had undergone a SPT using the standard extracts, including house dust mites, molds, animal dander, pollens, and latex. Results: The mean age of the patients was 10.2 +/- 3.4 (5-18) years, 57.6% of them were male. The diagnoses of the patients were AR in 57.8%, asthma in 22.6% and both in 19.6%. 42.6% (n=196) of the patients were sensitized to more than one allergen. The most common aeroallergens in SPT were house dust mites (63%), grass-rye mix (26.5%), grass mix (26.1%), molds (19.8%), cat epithelium (11.3%), cockroach (8.5%), weed mix (7%), olive tree (7%), dog (5.7%), cupressus (4.3%), tree pollen mix (3.5%), poplar (1.5%), mugwort (1.3%), and latex (0.4%). Although the cockroach, pet, olive tree and multiple allergen sensitivities were more frequent among male children (p0.05). House dust mites were the most common allergens throughout all seasons. Conclusion: The results of this study will be important in guiding elimination measures against the triggering allergens which are important for the treatment and the course of the disease of the those patients with asthma and/or AR in this region

    Maksiller premolar radiküler oluğu: “tehlikeli bölge”midir?

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    Objectives: To evaluate the presence of radicular groove and dentin thickness on the palatal aspect of the buccal root of maxillary first premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Images of 312 maxillary first premolars belonging to 187 patients (between 18-69 years, 94 females and 93 males) who were referred to the clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Root canal treatment, periapical lesion, and post-core were excluded. One and three-rooted premolars were also excluded. CBCT images were viewed on the axial plane to detect grooves. The concave area on the palatal aspect of the buccal root was recorded as a groove. Buccal and palatal dentin thicknesses were measured by two observers at the level of 3 mm below furcation. Statistical analyses were performed. Results: Buccal and palatal thicknesses were 1.28(±0.25) and 0.87(±0.13) mm, respectively. According to Student’s t-test, buccal dentin thickness was statistically higher than palatal dentin. The prevalence of groove was 82.05%. While palatal thickness without groove was 0.93(±0.14) mm, palatal thickness corresponding to groove was 0.82(±0.12) mm. One-way ANOVA showed palatal and buccal thickness in group 1 (18-35 years) was statistically lower than group 3 (>65 years). No statistical difference in thickness was observed between sex and left or right side. Conclusions: Palatal thickness related to groove can be considered a “danger zone” for post-core and endodontic treatment. Considering the high prevalence (82.05%) and thin dentin of the groove, more conservative canal and post space preparation and CBCT examination are recommended to avoid perforation.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı maksiller birinci premolardaki bukkal kökün palatinalinde bulunan oluğun prevalansının ve ayrıca bukkal ve palatinal dentin kalınlığının konik-ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi kullanarak (KIBT) incelenmesidir Yöntem: Çalışmaya, kliniğe başvuran 187 hastaya ait (18-69 yaş arası, 94 kadın ve 93 erkek) 312 premolar dişin KIBT görüntüsü dahil edildi. Kanal tedavili, post uygulanmış, tek veya üç köklü premolar dişler çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Kök oluğunu tespit edebilmek için KIBT görüntüleri aksiyel kesitte incelendi. Bukkal kökün palatinalindeki konkav alanlar oluk olarak kaydedildi. Bukkal ve palatinal dentin kalınlıkları iki gözlemci tarafından, furkasyonun 3 mm altından ölçüldü. İstatistiksel analiz yapıldı. Bulgular: Bukkal ve palatinal dentin kalınlıkları sırasıyla 1,28(±0,25) ve 0,87(±0,13) olarak bulundu. Student’s ttestine göre, bukkal dentin kalınlığı palatinaldeki dentin kalınlığına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede fazla bulundu. Bukkal oluk prevalansı %82,05 olarak kaydedildi. Oluk bulunmayan palatinal dentin kalınlığı 0,93(±0,14) mm iken oluk bulunan palatinal dentin kalınlığı 0,82(±0,12) mm olarak tespit edildi. Tek yönlü ANOVA testine göre, palatinal ve bukkal kalınlık grup 1(18-35 yaş)’de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede grup 3 (>65 yaş)’e göre daha inceydi. Cinsiyet ve sağ-sol arasında dentin kalınlığı açısından bir farklılık gözlenmedi. Sonuçlar: Kök oluğu bulunan bölgedeki dentin kalınlığı kanal tedavisi ve özellikle kök dentininde kayba sebep olan post uygulamaları açısından “tehlikeli bölge” olarak düşünülebilir. Kök oluğunun yüksek prevalansı ve kök oluğundaki ince dentin varlığı düşünüldüğünde, klinikte perforasyon oluşumu engellemek için, işlem öncesi üç boyutlu inceleme ve ayrıca daha konservatif kanal şekillendirmesi ve post boşluğu hazırlığı önerilir

    Debljina dentina u zoni opasnosti i morfologija kanala maksilarnih kutnjaka

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    Objectives: Dentin thickness in concave areas of the root creates risk for complications such as strip perforation during endodontic treatment. The study aims to examine dentin thickness of the danger (DZ) and safety zone (SZ), canal configuration, and the presence of isthmus in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars. Material and methods: Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 1251 teeth belonging to 642 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The dentin thicknesses at DZ and SZ in maxillary molars with one (MB) or two mesiobuccal canals (MB1, MB2) were measured at the 3 mm apical to the furcation level. Vertucci’s canal configurations and the isthmus rate were recorded. The Chi-square test andThe Student’s t-test were performed. Results: MB2 rate was higher in maxillary first molars (61.68%) than second molars (39.36%). Isthmus rates were 27.3% and 44.11% in first and second molars. DZ thickness was thinner than the dentin thickness in the SZ in both first and second molars with one or two mesial canals (p< 0.05). In teeth with single canal, the mean DZ thickness was 0.88mm. In teeth with two canals, the mean DZ thicknesses were 0.83mm and 0.80mm for MB1 and MB2 canals, respectively. Conclusion: MB2 rate was higher in the first molar (61.68%), and the isthmus rate was higher in the second molar (44.11%). DZ and SZ were thinner in MB2 than in MB1 at the maxillary molars with two mesial canals. The results indicated that more conservative preparation must be applied to the MB2 canal in the maxillary molars.No sponso

    Vitamin D Levels in Children With Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

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    Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is one of the most prevalent oral mucosa diseases and the etiology is unclear. As a potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating agent, vitamin D can significantly affect oral cavity homeostasis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted in pediatric population on the potential role of vitamin D in recurrent aphthous stomatitis to date. The aim of the present study is to determine the vitamin D status in recurrent aphthous stomatitis in children. Methods: This study is conducted retrospectively. Seventy-two patients with minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 70 age-matched healthy controls included in the study. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured in all patients using enzyme immunoassay. Results: Serum vitamin D levels were 16.4 (8.6) ng/mL in patient group and 23.1 (11.5) ng/mL in healthy controls. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of serum vitamin D levels (P= .002). There was no significant correlation between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of the recurrent aphthous stomatitis (r= 0.54,P= .76). Conclusions: Our study showed a significant difference in vitamin D levels between patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the healthy control group. We also found no correlation between vitamin D status and the severity of the disease

    A Survey of Feature Selection Strategies for DNA Microarray Classification

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    Classification tasks are difficult and challenging in the bioinformatics field, that used to predict or diagnose patients at an early stage of disease by utilizing DNA microarray technology. However, crucial characteristics of DNA microarray technology are a large number of features and small sample sizes, which means the technology confronts a "dimensional curse" in its classification tasks because of the high computational execution needed and the discovery of biomarkers difficult. To reduce the dimensionality of features to find the significant features that can employ feature selection algorithms and not affect the performance of classification tasks. Feature selection helps decrease computational time by removing irrelevant and redundant features from the data. The study aims to briefly survey popular feature selection methods for classifying DNA microarray technology, such as filters, wrappers, embedded, and hybrid approaches. Furthermore, this study describes the steps of the feature selection process used to accomplish classification tasks and their relationships to other components such as datasets, cross-validation, and classifier algorithms. In the case study, we chose four different methods of feature selection on two-DNA microarray datasets to evaluate and discuss their performances, namely classification accuracy, stability, and the subset size of selected features. Keywords: Brief survey; DNA microarray data; feature selection; filter methods; wrapper methods; embedded methods; and hybrid methods. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/14-2-01 Publication date:March 31st 202

    Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers About Breastfeeding During COVID-19 Infection

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    Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; Tekirdağ bölgesinde yaşayan COVID-19 aile içi yüksek riskli teması olan veya kesin laboratuvar tanısı konmuş emziren annelerin, pandemi döneminde anne sütü ve emzirme ile ilgili bilgi ve tutumları hakkında bilgi edinmektir.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmada, Tekirdağ il sınırları içinde ikamet etmekte olan ve COVID-19 enfeksiyonu tanısı alan kişi ile ev içi yakın temas öyküsü olan ya da kendisi laboratuvar ile kanıtlanmış, minimal semptom gösteren ve evde tedavi edilen COVID-19 (+) hasta olan 30 gün-6 ay arası bebeği olan annelerin iletişim bilgilerine Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi ve Çocuk Sağlığı İzlemPolikliniği kayıtlarından ulaşılarak, araştırmaya dahil olmayı kabul eden gönüllülere telefon yoluyla demografik verileri içeren ve bu süreçteki emzirme deneyim ve tutumlarını inceleyen bir anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışma kriterlerine uygun 31 anneye ulaşılmış ve bunlardan 28 anne çalışmaya katılmayı kabul etmiştir. Tüm çalışma grubuna ulaşıldıktan sonra anket verileri toplanarak demografik özellikleri ve COVID-19 sürecinde emzirme deneyimleri, bilgi kaynakları ve bu süreçteki tutumları IBM SPSS 20.0 paket programı kullanılarak işlenmiş ve p <0.05 istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi olarak kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan annelerin 11'i (%39.3) ev içi yakın temaslı olup, 17 (%60.7) anne laboratuvar testleri ile kesin COVID-19 tanısı konmuş, hafif klinik bulguları olan ve evde tedavi edilen kişilerdir. Temaslı ve hasta grupta annelerin emzirme deneyimleri sorgulandığında, temaslı olan annelerin %54.5'inin bebeklerini sadece anne sütü ile beslediği, %36.4'ünün ise anne sütü yanında formül mama da kullandığı görülmüştür. Ancak hasta olup evde tedavi almakta olan grupta, annelerin %35.3'nün bebeklerini sadece formül mama ile beslemeyi tercih ettikleri, sadece %17.6'sının bebeklerini tek başına anne sütü ile beslediği görülmüştür. Bulgularımıza göre hasta olan annelerin bebeklerini daha yüksek oranda formül mama ile besledikleri ve bebekleri ile farklı odayı paylaşma eğiliminde oldukları görülmüştür.Sonuç: COVID-19 tedavisi sırasında emzirmenin sürdürülmesi konusunda gereken özen gösterilmelidir. Araştırmamızın sonuçlarına göre bu açıdan ailelerin bilgilendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır.Aim: The aim of this study is; to obtain information about the knowledge and attitudes of mothers who live in Tekirdağ region with high risk contact of COVID-19 in family or who have been diagnosed with a definite laboratory finding of COVID-19 about breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Materials and Methods: Mothers with COVID-19 high risk contact in the family and have been diagnosed with definite laboratory findings of COVID-19 who are living in Tekirdağ and having a baby between 30 days and 6 months were included in the study. The records of the patients were obtained from Namık Kemal University Medical School, Pediatric Outpatient Clinic Well Child Unit and a questionnaire was applied to the volunteers who accepted to be included in the study. 31 mothers who met the study criteria were reached and 28 of them agreed to participate in the study. After reaching the whole study group, the survey data were collected and their demographic characteristics and breastfeeding experiences, information sources and attitudes during the COVID-19 process were processed using IBM SPSS 20.0 package program and p <0.05 was accepted as the statistical significance level. Results: Of the mothers participating in the study, 11 (39.3%) were in high risk contact at home, 17 (60.7%) mothers were definitively diagnosed with COVID-19 by laboratory tests, had mild clinical findings and were treated at home. When the breastfeeding experiences of the mothers were questioned, it was observed that 54.5% of the mothers who were in high risk contact only fed their babies with breast milk, and 36.4% used formula in addition to breast milk. However, 35.3% of the mothers preferred to feed their babies only with formula, in the group that was sick and receiving treatment at home, only 17.6% of them fed their babies with breast milk alone. According to our findings, it was observed that mothers who were sick fed their babies with formula at a higher rate and tended to share a different room with their babies. Conclusion: Care should be taken to maintain breastfeeding during treatment for COVID-19. According to the results of our research, it is important to inform families in this regard
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