Multi-objective optimisation of bio-based thermal insulation materials in building envelopes considering condensation risk

The reduction in energy demand for heating and cooling with insulation materials increases the material related environmental impact. Thus, implementing low embodied energy materials may equilibrate this trade-off. Actual trends in passive house postulate bio-based materials as an alternative to conventional ones. Despite that, the implementation of those insulators should be carried out with a deeper analysis due to their hygroscopic properties. The moisture transfer, the associated condensation risk and the energy consumption for seven biobased materials and polyurethane for a building-like cubicle are analysed. The performance is evaluated combining a software application to model the cubicle (EnergyPlus) and a tool to optimize its performance (jEPlus). The novelty of this optimization approach is to include and evaluate the effects of moisture in these insulation materials, taking into account the mass transfer through the different layers and the evaporation of the different materials. This methodology helps optimise the insulation type and thickness verifying the condensation risk, preventing the deterioration of the materials. The total cost of the different solutions is quantified, and the environmental impact is determined using the life cycle assessment methodology. The effect of climate conditions and the envelope configuration, as well as the risk of condensation, are quantified. The results show that cost and environmental impact can be reduced if bio-based materials are used instead of conventional ones, especially in semiarid climates. Condensation risk occurs for large thicknesses and in humid climates. In our case studies, hemp offered the most balanced solution.The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Government (CTQ2016-77968-C3-1-P, ENE2015-64117-C5-1-R, ENE2015-64117-C5-3-R, MINECO/FEDER, UE). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE). This project has received funding the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No 657466 (INPATH-TES). This article has been possible with the support of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) (FJCI-2016-28789). Authors would like to acknowledge the Brazilian Government for their support by the CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development). M.P. would like to thank the Brazilian Education Ministry for the financial support received under the PNPD/Capes fellowship. L.F.C. would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to her research group GREA (2014 SGR 123)

Equipe local de saúde: sugestões para a abrangência de sua caracterização

Na definição da força de trabalho representada pela equipe local de saúde é condicionante a situação sócio-econômico-sanitária da área onde deva atuar, o tipo e o programa da unidade sanitária, a existência de outras agências e seus respectivos programas, as condições materiais de instalação e a distribuição espacial da rede. É analisado o modelo de dimensionamento de recursos humanos para a rede de unidades sanitárias da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde (São Paulo, Brasil). A implantação de um modelo vai evidenciar o grau de acerto com que foram previstas dificuldades e impedimentos externos, tais como a força de trabalho disponível no mercado e as possibilidades institucionais de competir nesse mercado e de proceder a correção de situações encontradas.The S. Paulo State Health Department is undergoing an analysis as regards the present model used for manpower dimensioning throught it network of Sanitary units. Putting in a model will point ont the degree of correct forecasting as to difficulties and external interference such as the availability of human resources on the market and the possibility of competing wich this market

Proposal for Implementation of Green Roof Project Using the Wetland Technique

This work presents a study on methods of wetland systems and the design of a prototype of green roof design in a practical example, with the objective of presenting a sustainable technique for reuse of rainwater. The use of the wetland system as a technique for collecting and treating wastewater can be one of the possible solutions to the lack of potable water in large urban centres, since the system is capable of filtering rainwater. As a result, a proposed green roof design is presented using a wetland system built to retain and treat rainwater for reuse with non-potable purposes. This system, in addition to integrating landscape aspects of the environment, presents low cost of implementation and can be a viable alternative for water reuse. This study contributes to improve knowledge as this type of technique is not yet used in Brazil, allowing future work on the economic viability and construction of the prototype

O Manicômio Judiciário: saúde ou justiça?

O Manicômio Judiciário, por ser um hospital-presídio, pode estar subordinado tanto à Secretaria da Saúde como à Justiça. Como elementos de análise dessa decisão, são apresentadas comparações estruturais e de recursos humanos entre o Manicômio Judiciário e a Penitenciária de Araraquara, entre a situação de recursos humanos do Manicômio em 1981 e 1984 e entre os salários de algumas funções de servidores ligados àqueles tipos de instituições. As conclusões apontam a Secretaria da Justiça como a mais adequada para subordinar o Manicômio Judiciário, desde que tomadas algumas medidas de modernização organizacional. É sugerido um quadro de pessoal estruturado percentualmente por subgrupos de funções. As propostas relativas ao pessoal necessitam ser tratadas em leis complementares que garantam, por sua hierarquia, o atendimento das condições excepcionais de trabalho do Manicômio Judiciário.As the Manicômio Judiciário (a Judiciary Mental Health Hospital) is a hospital-prison it could be subordinated either to the State Health Department or to the Department of Justice. In order to reach a sound decision regarding this issue, structural and human resource comparisons as between the Manicômio Judiciário on one side and the Araraquara Prison on the other are provided. Comparisons between the status of the human resources of the Manicômio Judiciário in 1981 and 1984 and between the wages earned by workers exercising similar functions and belonging to similar institutions are also presented. The conclusion points to the Department of Justice as the most adequate institution to which the Manicômio Judiciário should be subordinated, provided some up-to-date managerial measures are taken. A personnel chart is suggested, showing percentages of people organized according to subgroups of functions. The proposals regarding personnel must be dealt with by, supplementary laws which guarantee, adequate provision for the excepcional working conditions prevailing in the Manicômio Judiciário according to position of the staff in the hierarchy