Design Record Graph and Axiomatic Design for Creative Design Education

AbstractThe authors have been offering a graduate level design course at the University of Tokyo. The students form groups of about 5 members to identify their own design goals and construct creative solutions to meet the product functional requirements (FRs). The course teaches Design Record Graph (DRG), a network diagram that starts with the product FR that divides into a number of sub-functions. The division continues until all functional elements are identified, and when every element functional requirement maps to a single element design parameter (DP), the design meets the independence axiom. The projects often start with heavily coupled designs that gradually turn into clean solutions towards their finalized design. The graph expression is easier for design students to get started with functional decomposition without having to work with design matrices

Bilinearization of Discrete Soliton Equations and Singularity Confinement

Bilinear forms for some nonlinear partial difference equations(discrete soliton equations) are derived based on the results of singularity confinement. Using the bilinear forms, the N-soliton and algebraic solutions of the discrete potential mKdV equation are constructed.Comment: 14 pages, LaTe

A 8ms delay image transmission system and its applications

金沢大学理工研究域電子情報学系Based on the real-time prototype hardware proposed on SID2007, We\u27ve finished developing a real-time image transmission system. This system achieved low system delay(8msec) and high image quality for both desktop images and motion pictures. In this paper, we explained the whole system and CPU control flow in details. System delay was analyzed in encode and decode side. In the end, some possible application fields were introduced

Traumatic Globe Luxation with Complete Optic Nerve Transection Caused by Heavy Object Compression

Traumatic eyeball luxation is a rare clinical condition with a dramatic presentation. Here, we describe a unique case of traumatic globe luxation and complete optic nerve transection caused by heavy object compression. A 45-year-old male automobile mechanic was injured when a truck slipped from its supports, crushing his head and face. On arrival, his right eyeball was obviously displaced anteriorly and he had no light perception. Computed tomography revealed complex frontal bone and facial fractures with underlying brain contusion in addition to complete transection of the right optic nerve. The patient was successfully treated using a multidisciplinary approach

CINV related biomarkers and questionnaires

Purpose We assessed the efficacy of palonosetron (PAL) in comparison to granisetron (GRA) for the treatment of CINV using the self-assessment questionnaires. In addition, we analyzed the serum levels of emetic various biomarkers. Methods We conducted a randomized study of 70 patients naïve to chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the late phase score on the MAT questionnaire. The plasma concentrations of the biomarkers were measured on days 1 and 3. Results There were no statistical differences in the scores on the questionnaires, but the mean values in response to PAL were higher than those in response to GRA. The value of ghrelin on day 1 was significantly higher for GRA than for PAL. Conclusions For the primary endpoint, the score of the late phase on the MAT questionnaire was not statistically different between the PAL and GRA treatment groups. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of ghrelin for the treatment of CINV

Post-operative infection of endoscopic submucosal dissection of early colorectal neoplasms: a case?controlled study using a Japanese database

What is known and objective Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early colorectal neoplasms (ESD-ECN) is known to be an operation with risk of contamination, possibly requiring pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis for the prevention of post-operative infection. However, an evaluation of the need for pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis for ESD-ECN has yet to be reported. The objective of this study was to determine whether pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis is associated with a reduced incidence of post-operative infection following ESD-ECN. Methods The present retrospective case-controlled study utilized a database built from the medical records of 14 university hospitals throughout Japan. Patients who were admitted and discharged from the hospital from April 2012 to October 2013 and who had undergone ESD-ECN were included in the study. Patients who had been undergone any other operation during their course of hospitalization, and patients who were prescribed antimicrobial agents for reasons other than post-operative infection or for prophylaxis were excluded. Characteristics of the study population, pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis and antimicrobial therapy for post-operative infection were investigated. In addition, we compared the characteristics of patients with post-operative infection (PI) and those with no post-operative infection (NPI). Univariate analyses were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results and discussion We obtained the records of 522 patients who had undergone ESD-ECN from the database. After application of exclusion criteria, 421 patients were enrolled. The post-operative infection rate was 1・2%. Peritonitis was found most to be the most common post-operative infection (44%). Pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis was used for 314 patients (75%), with a median duration of 3・0 (range 1-11) days. Cefotiam was most frequently prescribed for pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis (56%). Antimicrobial therapies were started 1-10 days after ESD-ECN for a duration of 1-14 days. Pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis was not associated with post-operative infection rate, with an OR (95% CI) of 0・73 (0・08-6・61). However, digestive tract perforation was shown to be associated with post-operative infection and had an OR (95% CI) of 17・1 (1・66-176・45). What is new and conclusion Post-operative infection is an exceedingly rare event following ESD-ECN. Pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis had no significant effect on post-operative infection following ESD-ECN and thus may be unnecessary. Instead, prevention of digestive tract perforation may be more critical for the decrease in post-operative infections. Univariate analyses of PI vs. NPI