Constraint on Heavy Element Production in Inhomogeneous Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis from The Light-Element Observations

We investigate the observational constraints on the inhomogeneous big-bang nucleosynthesis that Matsuura et al. suggested the possibility of the heavy element production beyond ${}^7$Li in the early universe. From the observational constraints on light elements of ${}^4$He and D, possible regions are found on the plane of the volume fraction of the high density region against the ratio between high-and low-density regions. In these allowed regions, we have confirmed that the heavy elements beyond Ni can be produced appreciably, where $p$- and/or $r$-process elements are produced well simultaneously.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 4 Tables., accepted in Journal of Astrophysics. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1007.046

Konsepsi Penggantian Kerugian Atas Pemberian Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (Imb) yang Tidak Sesuai dengan Rtrw (Kajian terhadap Pasal 37 Undang-undang No.26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang)

Pasal 37 Ayat (4),(5) dan (8) Undang-undang No.26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang mengatakan bahwa IMB harus mengikuti konsep perencanaan yang tertera pada Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) di setiap daerah dan apabila diketahui IMB tersebut melanggar RTRW maka harus dibatalkan dan dimungkinkan adanya pemberian ganti rugi atas pembatalan IMB tersebut. Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini adalah belum jelas dan belum konkretnya aturan yang ada terkait dengan konsepsi ganti rugi sehingga menyulitkan pihak-pihak yang ingin mengajukan upaya hukum melalui sarana hukum yang paling tepat dan efisien. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, penulis menawarkan sarana hukum administrasi karena dianggap yang paling efektif dan jelas dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan IMB yang dilakukan pembatalan, dikarenakan IMB merupakan Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara (KTUN) yang apabila bermasalah sudah terakomodasi di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, sesuai dengan kompetensinya dan yang paling penting adalah gugatan yang dilakukan, terhadap subjek kewenangan yaitu pejabatnya bukan pribadi dari pejabat tersebut yang bertanggung jawab terhadap kesalahan-kesalahan yang berkaitan dengan ketidaksesuaiannya IMB dengan RTRW. Maka, penulis mengusulkan konsepsi penggantian atas kerugian yang diderita oleh investor atau masyarakat dengan melalui mekanisme penggantian yang dibebankan pada pemerintah daerah melalui Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD). Sehingga diharapkan dapat mengembalikan hakikat tujuan dan manfaat dari IMB.Kata Kunci : Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB), Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW), Upaya Hukum Administrasi, Ganti Rugi

A Proton Conductive Porous Framework of an 18-Crown-6-Ether Derivative Networked by Rigid Hydrogen Bonding Modules

A rigid hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) was constructed from a C3-symmetric hexatopic carboxylic acid with a hydrophilic 18-crown-6-ether (18C6) component. Despite the flexible macrocyclic structure with many conformations, the derivative with three 4,4’-dicarboxy-o-terphenyl moieties in the periphery yielded a rigid layered porous framework through directional intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Interestingly, the HOF possesses 1D channels with bottleneck composed of 18C6 rings. The HOF shows proton conductivity (1.12×10−7 S cm−1) through Grotthuss mechanism (Ea=0.27 eV) under 98 %RH. The present unique water channel structure provides an inspiration to create molecular porous materials.This is the accepted version of the following article:Chen X., Huang R.K., Takahashi K., et al. A Proton Conductive Porous Framework of an 18-Crown-6-Ether Derivative Networked by Rigid Hydrogen Bonding Modules. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 61, e202211686 (2022), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202211686. This article may be used for non-commercialpurposes in accordance with the Wiley Self-ArchivingPolicy [https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.html

Effects of zinc deficiency/zinc supplementation on ammonia metabolism in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.

Hepatic encephalopathy is one of the major complications in decompensated liver cirrhosis. The current study was conducted to clarify the mechanisms of zinc deficiency in liver cirrhosis and its involvement in hepatic encephalopathy via ammonia metabolism. Ten patients each with compensated or decompensated liver cirrhosis and 11 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Serum zinc levels and its daily urinary excretion were measured, an oral zinc-tolerance test was performed to examine zinc malabsorption, and the effects of diuretics on zinc excretion and of zinc supplementation on ammonia metabolism in the skeletal muscle were studied. The mean serum zinc levels in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were found to be significantly lower than the levels in controls and patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. The serum zinc levels were inversely correlated with blood ammonia in the fasting state. In the oral zinc-tolerance test, the percent increase in serum zinc levels 120 and 180 min after ingestion was less in cirrhotic patients than in controls. A diuretic administration resulted in a significant reduction in serum zinc levels. An increased uptake of ammonia by and an increased release of glutamine from leg skeletal muscle after oral supplementation of zinc sulfate were evident. Taken together, zinc deficiency in decompensated cirrhotic patients appears to be due to low absorption and to high urinary excretion, for which excessive diuretic administration is, in part, responsible, and zinc supplementation might play an important role in the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy by activating glutamine synthetase.</p