Spatial Model of the Emission of Intersections in The City of Diwanyah Using Programs of Aermod View And Sidra Intersection (A Study in the Geography of the Envoronment)

تتمثل منطقة الدراسة بمدينة الديوانية وهي مركز محافظة الديوانية ، وهذا جعل منها عقدة مهمة لطرق النقل الرئيسة التي يمر اغلبها بالمدينة. تبلغ مساحة المدينة ضمن التصميم الاساس4711 هكتار وتضمنت خمسة قطاعات وبواقع (61) حياً سكنياً.  تهدف الدراسة الى الكشف عن التباين المكاني لتراكيز ملوثات الهواء المتمثلة  بثاني اوكسيد الكاربون واحادي اوكسيد الكاربون والهيدروكربونات واكاسيد النتروجين الناتجة عن حرق الوقود الاحفوري من خلال استعمال نماذج الانتشار والتشتت لانبعاثات المركبات في التقاطعات وقد استخدم برنامجSidra Intersection v5 لحساب كميات الوقود المستهلك وكميات الانبعاثات الناتجة وبرنامج Aermod View v8 تم استخدامه لغرض نمذجة انبعاثات المركبات من خلال معاملات الانبعاث .وان وقت النمذجة هي ساعة الذروة الصباحية 7.5-8.5  اذ تم خلالها رصد اعداد المركبات وانواعها في 16 تقاطع رئيس أجريت عليها الدراسة الميدانية في شهر تموز من سنة 2017.لاوقامت منهجية الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدمت أيضا أساليب التحليل الآلي في نظم المعلومات الجغرافية وتمخضت الدراسة عن كشف التباين في كميات استهلاك الوقود وكميات الملوثات المنبعثة عنها في التقاطعات، اذ تظهر اعلى كميات لاستهلاك الوقود في بعض التقاطعات المحيطة بالمنطقة المركزية للمدينة، وان اتجاه حركة الانبعاثات بفعل الرياح في شهر تموز تكون بمحورين رئيسيين الأول باتجاه الجنوب الشرقي والثاني باتجاه الشمال الغربي. وان اكاسيد النتروجين تغطي اكبر مساحة مقارنة ببقية الملوثات. اما المسافة عن مصدر الانبعاث فان المستويات الأعلى تركيزا عادة ما تكون أقرب الى مصدر الانبعاث وبمسافات متقاربة.The study area is the city of Al-Diwaniyah, the center of the province of Al-Diwaniyah, and this made it an important node of the main transport routes, most of which pass through the city. The city has a total area of ​​4711 hectares and includes five sectors with 61 residential neighborhoods. The study aims to detect the spatial variation of concentrations of air pollutants of carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from burning fossil fuels through the use of dispersion and dispersion models for vehicle emissions at intersections. The Sidra Intersection v5 software is used to calculate the quantities of fuel consumed and the resulting emissions , Aermod View v8 is also is used to model vehicle emissions taking in to consideration the modeling time is the morning rush hour 7.5-8.5 AM, during which the monitoring of the numbers and types of vehicles in 16  main intersection of the field study in July of 2017.The methodology of the study is based on the analytical descriptive method. The methods of automated analysis are also used in GIS. The study reveals the difference in the quantities of fuel consumption and the quantities of pollutants emitted at the intersectionswhere the highest amounts of fuel consumption are in some of the intersections surrounding the central area of ​​the city, and the direction of the movement of emissions by the wind in July are two main axes, the first towards the south-east and the second to the north-west. Nitrogen oxides cover more space than compared with other pollutants. The distance from the source of emission, shows that the higher concentration levels are usually closer to the source of emission and close distances

Genome-wide association meta-analysis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection identifies risk variants and genes related to artery integrity and tissue-mediated coagulation

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an understudied cause of myocardial infarction primarily affecting women. It is not known to what extent SCAD is genetically distinct from other cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). Here we present a genome-wide association meta-analysis (1,917 cases and 9,292 controls) identifying 16 risk loci for SCAD. Integrative functional annotations prioritized genes that are likely to be regulated in vascular smooth muscle cells and artery fibroblasts and implicated in extracellular matrix biology. One locus containing the tissue factor gene F3, which is involved in blood coagulation cascade initiation, appears to be specific for SCAD risk. Several associated variants have diametrically opposite associations with CAD, suggesting that shared biological processes contribute to both diseases, but through different mechanisms. We also infer a causal role for high blood pressure in SCAD. Our findings provide novel pathophysiological insights involving arterial integrity and tissue-mediated coagulation in SCAD and set the stage for future specific therapeutics and preventions

Publisher Correction: Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability.

Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19366-9, published online 5 January 2021. The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 2, in which panels a and b were inadvertently swapped. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article

Publisher Correction: Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability.

Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19366-9, published online 5 January 2021. The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 2, in which panels a and b were inadvertently swapped. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article

Understanding How Microplastics Affect Marine Biota on the Cellular Level Is Important for Assessing Ecosystem Function: A Review

Plastic has become indispensable for human life. When plastic debris is discarded into waterways, these items can interact with organisms. Of particular concern are microscopic plastic particles (microplastics) which are subject to ingestion by several taxa. This review summarizes the results of cutting-edge research about the interactions between a range of aquatic species and microplastics, including effects on biota physiology and secondary ingestion. Uptake pathways via digestive or ventilatory systems are discussed, including (1) the physical penetration of microplastic particles into cellular structures, (2) leaching of chemical additives or adsorbed persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and (3) consequences of bacterial or viral microbiota contamination associated with microplastic ingestion. Following uptake, a number of individual-level effects have been observed, including reduction of feeding activities, reduced growth and reproduction through cellular modifications, and oxidative stress. Microplastic-associated effects on marine biota have become increasingly investigated with growing concerns regarding human health through trophic transfer. We argue that research on the cellular interactions with microplastics provide an understanding of their impact to the organisms’ fitness and, therefore, its ability to sustain their functional role in the ecosystem. The review summarizes information from 236 scientific publications. Of those, only 4.6% extrapolate their research of microplastic intake on individual species to the impact on ecosystem functioning. We emphasize the need for risk evaluation from organismal effects to an ecosystem level to effectively evaluate the effect of microplastic pollution on marine environments. Further studies are encouraged to investigate sublethal effects in the context of environmentally relevant microplastic pollution conditions

Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability

Funder: EU H2020Abstract: Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes