Does price shock in electricity sector correct the consumption pattern in Iran?

Nowadays role and importance of energy and its effect on economy is inevitable. It has become one of the most significant elements in process of growth as well as development. Thus, considering its importance, energy planning is a pivotal issue in economic planning and it is necessary to know factor influencing energy consumption in order to devise any kind of policy about planning.  In order to do this, one needs to construct a theoretical pattern which represents the given economy in mathematical equations. Hence, due to realization of energy prices in Iran and importance of electricity, we have discussed this part of energy consumption. To do so, time series data for the period (1973-2007) has been used. Firstly, logarithm of the series is calculated and then using ADF, stationary of the series has been tested. As the next step, we have performed the Engle-Granger test to check for the spurious regression and finally a long-run relationship between the variables has been estimated. Our results indicate that the electricity is a necessary good and hence, the shocking approach is not an efficient one in order to rectify consumption patterns of electricity. Keywords: Realization of Prices, Price Elasticity of Electricity, Iranian Economy, Cash Subsidies

Escritura colaborativa e individual: Efectos en el desarrollo de la precisión y fluidez

The present study investigates the differential effects of collaborative vs. individual writing approaches on the development of fluency and accuracy among male and female EFL learners. The study is unprecedented in terms of investigating the effect of these two approaches on fluency and accuracy development in the long-run through a delayed posttest. Additionally, the study examines the development of fluency and accuracy over seven successive sessions longitudinally. The written outputs, produced by the participants, were scored for fluency and accuracy according to the method applied by Wigglesworth and Storch (2009). The Data, analyzed through MANCOVA and ANOVA analyses, revealed that collaborative writing led to more fluent texts for both males and females in the short and the long run. Also, the collaboratively written compositions were more accurate in comparison to those written individually for males and females in the short and long run.Este estudio investiga los efectos diferenciales de la redacción colaborativa versus la versión individual y sus acercamientos del desarrollo de la precisión y fluencia entre los aprendices varones y mujeres EFL. El estudio no tiene precedente alguno en término de investigación de los efectos de estos dos acercamientos en un largo manejo a través de post prueba (posttest) dilatada. Además, el estudio comprueba el desarrollo de la precisión y fluencia en siete sesiones sucesivas longitudinalmente. Las producciones escritas hechas por los participantes fueron apuntadas para la fluencia y precisión en concordancia con el método aplicado por Wigglesworth and Storch (2009). Este dato analizado a través de la Mancova y Anova y sus análisis revela que la redacción colaborativa dirigida a más textos fluentes para ambos, varones y mujeres, en un manejo largo y un manejo corto. También las composiciones escritas eran más precisas en comparación con aquellas escritas individualmente para los aprendices varones y mujeres en el manejo largo y el corto

ODREĐIVANJE DESORPCIJE U METANSKOJ ZONI U PROJEKTIRANJU POSTAVLJANJA BUŠOTINA, STUDIJA SLUČAJA PANELA E4 U MEHANIZIRANOME RUDNIKU UGLJENA TABAS, IRAN

Underground coal mining is known as one of the major sources of methane emissions which mainly occurs after underground coal extraction. Rock strata in-situ methane can potentially be the most significant hazard in coal mining operations. To prevent or minimize the risks of methane emissions, methane drainage approaches have been adopted by coal mines. Rock mass methane drainage is the most efficient and effective approach toward controlling methane hazards as it prevents and reduces the frequency of methane emissions, outflows into the working area and sudden outbursts of methane and rocks. The method includes drilling boreholes from the tailgate side to the unstressed zone in the roof and floor strata above and below a working coal seam. The coal seam gas content in Tabas Parvadeh I is estimated to be about 16 m3 /t, which is relatively high. Based on exploration data, five distinct coal seams have been identified (B1, B2, C1, C2 and D) at the coal deposit and currently C1 is being worked. Considering the high value of C1 gas content and surrounding rocks, the Methane Drainage System (MDS) has been utilized for gas drainage. This paper tries to determine the desorption area which is essential and helpful for the selection of an effective drilling pattern into the adjacent coal seams. In this study, the methane drainage zone in the E4 panel of the Tabas coal mine was calculated using experimental equations and a drainage borehole pattern was determined.Podzemno rudarenje ugljena poznato je kao aktivnost s velikom emisijom metana tijekom iskapanja ugljena. Metan u samim slojevima može potencijalno biti najveći sigurnosni rizik u takvu rudarenju, a on se može spriječiti ili umanjiti raznim metodama odvođenja (drenaže). Separacija metana iz stijene najuspješniji je način kontrole rizika prouzročena tim plinom te smanjuje pojave i količine toga plina u radnome prostoru, posebice eksplozije. Metoda uključuje izradbu bušotina na jednoj strani trake za odvoz materijala s čela radilišta, u smjeru prema krovini i podini ugljenoga sloja koji se iskapa. Koncentracija plina u ugljenome sloju rudnika Tabas (Parvadeh I) procijenjena je na 16 m3/t, što je relativno visok iznos. Temeljem kartiranja izdvojeno je pet pojedinačnih ugljenih slojeva (B1, B2, C1, C2 i D), a trenutačno se vadi ugljen iz sloja C1. Kako u tome sloju i okolnim stijenama postoji visoka koncentracija metana, uveden je metanski drenažni sustav. U radu je prikazana desorpcijska površina takva sustava koja je važna i korisna varijabla u odabiru rasporeda bušotina u izdancima sloja ugljena. Tako je metanska drenažna zona u panelu E4 izračunana uporabom eksperimentalnih jednadžbi te je na osnovi rezultata određen raspored bušotina

Escritura colaborativa e individual: Efectos en el desarrollo de la precisión y fluidez

The present study investigates the differential effects of collaborative vs. individual writing approaches on the development of fluency and accuracy among male and female EFL learners. The study is unprecedented in terms of investigating the effect of these two approaches on fluency and accuracy development in the long-run through a delayed posttest. Additionally, the study examines the development of fluency and accuracy over seven successive sessions longitudinally. The written outputs, produced by the participants, were scored for fluency and accuracy according to the method applied by Wigglesworth and Storch (2009). The Data, analyzed through MANCOVA and ANOVA analyses, revealed that collaborative writing led to more fluent texts for both males and females in the short and the long run. Also, the collaboratively written compositions were more accurate in comparison to those written individually for males and females in the short and long run.Este estudio investiga los efectos diferenciales de la redacción colaborativa versus la versión individual y sus acercamientos del desarrollo de la precisión y fluencia entre los aprendices varones y mujeres EFL. El estudio no tiene precedente alguno en término de investigación de los efectos de estos dos acercamientos en un largo manejo a través de post prueba (posttest) dilatada. Además, el estudio comprueba el desarrollo de la precisión y fluencia en siete sesiones sucesivas longitudinalmente. Las producciones escritas hechas por los participantes fueron apuntadas para la fluencia y precisión en concordancia con el método aplicado por Wigglesworth and Storch (2009). Este dato analizado a través de la Mancova y Anova y sus análisis revela que la redacción colaborativa dirigida a más textos fluentes para ambos, varones y mujeres, en un manejo largo y un manejo corto. También las composiciones escritas eran más precisas en comparación con aquellas escritas individualmente para los aprendices varones y mujeres en el manejo largo y el corto

A New Hybrid Method of IPv6 Addressing in the Internet of Things

Humans have always been seeking greater control over their surrounding objects. Today, with the help of Internet of Things (IoT), we can fulfill this goal. In order for objects to be connected to the internet, they should have an address, so that they can be detected and tracked. Since the number of these objects are very large and never stop growing, addressing space should be used, which can respond to this number of objects. In this regard, the best option is IPv6. Addressing has different methods, the most important of which are introduced in this paper. The method presented in this paper is a hybrid addressing method which uses EPC and ONS IP. The method proposed in this paper provides a unique and hierarchical IPv6 address for each object. This method is simple and does not require additional hardware for implantation. Further, the addressing time of this method is short while its scalability is high, and is compatible with different EPC standards

Compaction of Quasi One-Dimensional Elastoplastic Materials

Insight in the crumpling or compaction of one-dimensional objects is of great importance for understanding biopolymer packaging and designing innovative technological devices. By compacting various types of wires in rigid confinements and characterizing the morphology of the resulting crumpled structures, here we report how friction, plasticity, and torsion enhance disorder, leading to a transition from coiled to folded morphologies. In the latter case, where folding dominates the crumpling process, we find that reducing the relative wire thickness counter-intuitively causes the maximum packing density to decrease. The segment-size distribution gradually becomes more asymmetric during compaction, reflecting an increase of spatial correlations. We introduce a self-avoiding random walk model and verify that the cumulative injected wire length follows a universal dependence on segment size, allowing for the prediction of the efficiency of compaction as a function of material properties, container size, and injection force.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Sharon Street and Debunking of Morality

Sharon Street’s evolutionary debunking argument is an epistemological challenge against moral realism. It is built upon the empirical assumption that evolutionary forces have played a significant role in processes of moral belief formation. The goal of her subsequent dilemma argument is not to deny the existence of moral facts or morality as a whole, but to show that the starting assumption leads to the conclusion that we should think our moral beliefs are probably not objectively true. In this paper, I will firstly clarify the epistemic aspects of moral realism. Then I will illustrate Street’s empirical assumption and the investigated relations between evolutionary influences and moral beliefs. After then explicating the dilemma that Street builds upon her empirical assumption, I shall elaborate prominent realist objections to her argument, and problems that afflict these realist objections. This leads us to the conclusion that none of the realist objections has successfully defended moral realism against Street’s debunking argument; however, Street needs to take some of their insights seriously, in order to improve her debunking dilemma