Morphologic studies of bone marrow cells exposed to the phospholipid fraction from the liver of irradiated animal, an experiment in vitro

With the purpose of revealing the biological effects of the X-ray irradiation the authors extracted phospholipids from the liver of irradiated animals and proved that this substance has the action to inhibit the growth of the bone marrow cells, the motility of pseudo-eosinophilis and the erythropoiesis in tissue culture, suggesting that the injury will mainly be induced by the toxic substances produced by irradiation.</p

Psychological and weight-related characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting type who later develop bulimia nervosa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting type (AN-R) sometimes develop accompanying bulimic symptoms or the full syndrome of bulimia nervosa (BN). If clinicians could predict who might change into the bulimic sub-type or BN, preventative steps could be taken. Therefore, we investigated anthropometric and psychological factors possibly associated with such changes.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>All participants were from a study by the Japanese Genetic Research Group for Eating Disorders. Of 80 patients initially diagnosed with AN-R, 22 changed to the AN-Binge Eating/Purging Type (AN-BP) and 14 to BN for some period of time. The remaining 44 patients remained AN-R only from the onset to the investigation period. Variables compared by ANOVA included anthropometric measures, personality traits such as Multiple Perfectionism Scale scores and Temperament and Character Inventory scores, and Beck Depression Inventory-II scores.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In comparison with AN-R only patients, those who developed BN had significantly higher current BMI (p < 0.05) and maximum BMI in the past (p < 0.05). They also scored significantly higher for the psychological characteristic of parental criticism (p < 0.05) and lower in self-directedness (p < 0.05), which confirms previous reports, but these differences disappeared when the depression score was used as a co-variant. No significant differences were obtained for personality traits or depression among the AN-R only patients irrespective of their duration of illness.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present findings suggest a tendency toward obesity among patients who cross over from AN-R to BN. Low self-directedness and high parental criticism may be associated with the development of BN by patients with AN-R, although the differences may also be associated with depression.</p

Studies on the Influences of the Bacterial Infection upon the Hematopoietic Mechanism in Bone Marrow chiefly by means of Bone-Marrow Tissue Culture Part 1. Changes in the Production of Blood Cells and Hemoglobin of the Bone Marrow in Rabbits infected with Various Pyogenic Bacteria

In the study of changes in the production of blood cells and hemoglobin of the bone marrow in rabbits infected with various pyogenic bacteria, the author obtained' the following results: 1. In giving the intravenous daily injection of Streptococcus viridans (0.5mg/kg) to four groups of rabbits for consecutive days, one, four, seven and 14 times each respectively, taking daily blood counts of each group, and conducting bone-marrow tissue culture after respective injection, it has been found that peripheral leucocytes (especially pseudo-eosinophils) decrease in number immediately after the injection, but the number increases after 12 to 24 hours; and this process is repeated at each injection. Moreover, anemia, gradually progressing, becomes most pronounced around the seventh injection, and thereafter it turns to recover by degree. When the bone marrow tissue is cultured at the stage where leucocytes are on the increase; in the case of cover-slip method the relative growth rate increases, reaching the maximum after the seventh injection and tends to return to the normal level after the fourteenth injection, and the cell-density index remains at the normal level or is increased slightly, indicating an increase in the leucocyte series of the bone marrow. In the fluid medium cultures performed at the same time as mentioned above, the increasing rate of erythrocytes, reticulocytes, and hemoglobin of the bone marrow falls, and the degree of such a change more or less coincides with the changes in the anemic conditions of the peripheral blood. 2. When heat killed Streptococcus viridans (a daily dosage of 0.5mg/kg) is injected four consecutive days, such changes in blood and bone-marrow tissue cultures as mentioned above are slight; and when Streptococcus haemolyticus (0.5mg/kg), Staphylococcus aureus (0.5mg/kg) or Staphylococcus albus (1.0mg/kg) is injected four consecutive days, similar blood- and bone-marrow tissue culture findings can be obtained as in the case of four consecutive injections of living Streptococcus viridans, showing not any significant difference by strains of bacteria. Thus the author obtained the findings in bone marrow that amply endorse the changes in the peripheral blood under pyogenic infection by bone-marrow tissue culture

Studies on the Influences of the Bacterial Infection upon the Hematopoietic Mechanism in Bone Marrow chiefly by means of Bone-Marrow Tissue Culture Part 3. Results of the Bone-Marrow Tissue Culture of Patients with Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

In the bone-marrow tissue culture of the patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis the author obtained the following results: 1. In the case of cover-slip culture, the relative growth rate is normal both before and and after the treatment of patients, but the cell-density index is normal or in some cases with a decrease in bone-marrow nucleated cells it is diminished. 2. In the case of the tissue culture in a fluid medium, the increasing rate of erythrocytes, reticulocytes, and hemoglobin is markedly low before the treatment, but it recovers with treatment. 3. The wandering velocity of neutrophils in the bone marrow has been found to be normal or slightly accelerated. 4. The carbon-particle phagocytotic ability of neutrophils in the bone marrow is markedly decreased before the treatment, but it recovers to normal when the patient is treated. 5. As for the neutral-red vital staining of bone-marrow neutrophils, these cells stain quickly and deeply, indicating a decrease in the functions, but this condition is restored to normal by treatment. In the present paper the author stated that the examinations of the bone marrow by tissue culture with emphasis on the carbon-particle phagocytosis served a quite significant purpose for clinical course observations

Iron and Copper Metabolisms in Hookworm Anemia

The authors studied the iron and copper metabolisms in dogs and patients with hookworm anemia, and obtained the following results. 1) In hookworm anemia, serum iron was low in a parallel correlation with the severity of anemia as other iron deficiency anemias. Hookworm anemia, however, was different from other iron deficiency anemias in that it was accompanied by the reduction of serum copper in severe cases. Thus, Fe/Cu was also lower. 2) In the treatment of hookworm with vermicide, serum iron and copper together with Fe/Cu were restored first and afterwards followed the recovery of anemia. 3) The amount of tissue copper of animals increased in the cases of dog with hookworm anemia and in the cases of rabbit being intravenously injected with serum of dog with hookworm anemia. The increase was obvious in the liver and spleen

Etiology of Overactive Bladder and Its Therapeutic Perspective : Focusing on a Myogenic Basis for the Overative Bladder

膀胱平滑筋は，他の平滑筋と異なり袋臓器としての蓄尿と排尿という特徴的な役割を担っている．蓄尿時には，下部尿路では，膀胱は弛緩し，内および外尿道括約筋が収縮し，排尿時には膀胱収縮，尿道弛緩という巧妙な協調運動によって機能を発揮する．ゆえにその機能が障害された時の治療は，特に薬物治療となると，ターゲットとなる神経や平滑筋に対して，興奮と同時に抑制というまったく逆の作用を同時に発揮させなければならないので非常に困難である．本総説では蓄尿・排尿の障害である過活動膀胱の発症機序の解明にあたり最新の知見，特に再び注目を集めることとなりつつある筋原性説に焦点をあて，その治療法の実際と将来の展望について紹介する

The involvement of L-type Ca(2+) channels in the relaxant effects of the ATP-sensitive K(+) channel opener ZD6169 on pig urethral smooth muscle

1. The effects of ZD6169, a novel ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP) channel) opener, were investigated on membrane currents in isolated myocytes using patch-clamp techniques. Tension measurement was also performed to study the effects of ZD6169 on the resting tone of pig urethral smooth muscle. 2. Levcromakalim was more potent than ZD6169 in lowering the resting urethral tone. Relaxation induced by low concentrations of ZD6169 (⩽3 μM) was completely suppressed by additional application of glibenclamide (1 μM). In contrast, glibenclamide (1 – 10 μM) only partially inhibited the relaxation induced by higher concentrations of ZD6169 (⩾10 μM). 3. Bay K8644 (1 μM) reduced the maximum relaxation produced by ZD6169 (⩾10 μM). 4. In whole-cell configuration, ZD6169 suppressed the peak amplitude of voltage-dependent Ba(2+) currents in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner, and at 100 μM, shifted the steady-state inactivation curve of the voltage-dependent Ba(2+) currents to the left at a holding potential of −90 mV. 5. In cell-attached configuration, open probability of unitary voltage-dependent Ba(2+) channels (27 pS, 90 mM Ba(2+)) was inhibited by 100 μM ZD6169 and by 10 μM nifedipine. 6. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT – PCR) analysis revealed the presence of the transcript of the α(1C) subunit of L-type Ca(2+) channels in pig urethra. 7. These results demonstrate that ZD6169 causes urethral relaxation through two distinct mechanisms, activation of K(ATP) channels at lower concentrations and inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels at higher concentrations (about 10 μM)