Results of exploratory trawl fishing on the continental slope of the south west coast of India by M.F.V. 'Kalava'

So far, extensive deep sea trawling, in waters beyond 100 fathom depths, has not been attempted in Indian waters except for occasional hauls taken by the INVESTIGATOR (Alcock, 1891-1900) and other Expedition vessels (Gunther, 1887, Max Weber, 1913. Norman, 1939). During March-May 1963 M.F.V. 'Kalava' of the Indo-Norwegian Project, carried out 9 exploratory cruises off Alleppey and Ponnani on the South West Coast of India at depths ranging between 150 to 205 fathoms (274-374 m.). Large quantities of bathypelagic fish were taken during these cruises, in areas on the continental slope (Fig. 1). 24 species belonging to 23 genera and 19 families have already been described by Tholasilingam et al. (1964). Nearly 82% of the catch was represented by about 11 bathypelagic species taken at the rate of up to 496 kg. per hour of trawl, in the richest grounds. Since such occurrence has not been recorded so far, a quantitative assessment of these bathypelagic fishes along with deep sea prawns, lobsters and squids, has been given in the following pape

Grey blight disease of cinnamon (Cinamomum verum Bercht & Presl.) leaves

A survey on diseases affecting cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) revealed the occurrence of grey blight of leaves caused by Pestalotiopsis palmarum in several parts of Kerala, India. &nbsp

Grey blight disease of cinnamon (Cinamomum verum Bercht & Presl.) leaves

A survey on diseases affecting cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) revealed the occurrence of grey blight of leaves caused by Pestalotiopsis palmarum in several parts of Kerala, India. &nbsp

Grey blight disease of cinnamon (Cinamomum verum Bercht & Presl.) leaves

A survey on diseases affecting cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) revealed the occurrence of grey blight of leaves caused by Pestalotiopsis palmarum in several parts of Kerala, India. &nbsp

Observations on the offshore prawn fishery of Cochin

Although several accounts on the results of exploratory power fishing in the Indian coastal waters have been published (Hornell 1916, Sunder Raj 1931, Chidambaram 1953, Gopinath 1954, Jayaraman et al. 1959) no detailed account of the biological aspects of th species of prawns contributing to the fishery is available. Srivatsa (1953) has given a list of Crustaceans caught by the Japanese trawlers in Saurashtra waters. Per Sandven (1959) remarks "there is reason to believe that in the Arabian Sea outside the Malabar coast are found some of the richest prawn grounds in the world." John and Kurian (1959) observed concentrations of the penaeid prawn Penaeopsis philippii in deeper waters (100 to 150 fathoms) off the coast of Kerala. Menon (1955 & 1957), Panikkar & Menon (1955), George (1959 & 1961) and Menon & Raman (1961) studied the bionomics of certain species of prawns of the backwater and inshore fishery which is supported by the same species contributing [O the off shore fishery of the area. Miyamoto et al. (1962) and Satyanarayana et al. (1962) reported on the development of trawling for shrimps on the West coast of India along with the influence of various types of trawls, boats and engines of different h. p. on the catches, and the prawn trawling gear of Cochin respectively. Apart from these and the reports of the Indo-Norwegian Project on their fishing results published from time to time there has not been any account of the off-shore prawn fishery of this coast

Food of some Demersal fishes from the trawl Grounds off Cochin

The food habits of seven commonly caught demersal fishes from the Cochin region, namely, Platycepha'us maculipinna, Pseudosciaena sina, Otolithus argenteus, Lactarius lactarius, Saurida tiimbil, Trichiurus tepturus and Nemipterus faponicus have been studied during the period from February 1965 to October 1967. It is seer, that these fishes could be grouped into three categories on the basis of their food preferences. One group consisting of L. lactarius, T. lepturus and S.tumbilh largely piscivorous. The second category feeds on a variety of crustaceans and also fish. This includes P. maculipinna, P. sina and O. argenteus. The third category represented by the thread-fin bream A'. Japonicus consumes small crustaceans dominated by amphipods. Polychaetes and echiuroids form a significant proportion of the food of these fishes. Smaller commercial penaeid prawns like Parapenaeopsis stylifera and Metapenaeus dobsoni were eaten liy majority of the species studied. They were found in significant quantities in the focd of O. argenteus and to a lesser extent in P. sina, P. maculipinna and T. lepturus

A facile one pot synthetic approach for C3N4-ZnS composite interfaces as heterojunctions for sunlight-induced multifunctional photocatalytic applications

Herein, we report a facile one pot synthetic protocol for the creation of C3N4-ZnS composite interfaces by the co-pyrolysis of a precursor mix containing zinc nitrate, melamine, and thiourea at 550°C in air. The organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions thus formed displayed increased absorbance in the longer wavelength region and facilitated broad absorption of visible light compared to pure ZnS, C3N4 and conventionally synthesized hybrid samples. The decreased emission intensity, increased photocurrent generation and decreased fluorescence lifetime revealed reduced exciton recombinations in the co-pyrolysed sample containing C3N4-ZnS heterostructures. The samples displayed sunlight driven photocatalytic reduction of nitrophenol as well as hydrogen generation (4 mmol g-1 h-1) by water splitting. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016

Appraisal of the Marine Fisheries in Orissa

The State Orissa is situated between latitudes 17.75°N and 22.5°N and longitudes 81.5°E and 87.6°E, bordered by the Bay of Bengal in the east, West Bengal in the north-east, Bihar in the north, Madhyapradesh in the west and north-west, and Andhra Pradesh in the south. Orissa, with an area of 1 55,842 sq. km. accounts for 4.7% of the geographical area of India. The state has 13 districts, of which four are coastal. The coastal districts are Balasore, Cuttack, Puri and Ganjam. These together have a coastline of 480 km. forming 8% of the coastline of India

Exploratory trawl fishing and ground fish resources along the Kerala coast and adjacent waters

The paper deals with exploratory fishing operations mainly trawling, conducted along Kerj^a Coast and adjacent waters since 1908. Early operations prior to 1950 demonstrated tlie occurrence of rich grounds for percoid fishes in the Cape Comorin area and good hand-line fkhiiig grounds off South Kerala Coast. Bull trawling in the Cannanore-Cape Comorin region by the vessels of the Deep Sea Fishing, Station of the Government of India showed that elasmobranchs and miscellaneous fish comprising small sciaenids, lizard fishes, flatheads, etc., were common for the area with a dominant catfish element in the Cannanoi«- Calicut sector, perch element south of AUeppey including Cape Comorin grounds and a transitional middle sector having a few catfishes and perches. Inshore otter trawl operations with medium-sized boats were increasingly carried out by the lndo>.Norwegian Project, Deep Sea Fishing Station and private agencies mainly centred around Coehin during; the last decade. Deep Sea Fishing Station operations in the region revealed a composition of about SO % miscellaaeous fish, 20-35% prawns, 8-14% Nemipterus japonicus, 6-14% elasmobranchs and 1-3% Laeiarius faciariiu. These operations showed the area between Calicut and Alleppey to be more productive, those off river and bar mouths yielding good quantity of prawns. The catch rate of prawns and fish increased steadily around Cochin from 1957 to 1961 and since then showed a slight decline. The picture is indicative of excessive fishing pressure over a limited area. This points to the necessity for even dispersal of fishing effort. Indo-Norwegian Project hand-line fishing operations provided considerable information regarding the 'Kalava' (Epinephelus spp.) resources of the rocky grounds on the continental shelf usually lying in 70-110 m depth zone off Kerala Coast. The occurrence of a variety of deep sea prawns, densely shoaling bathypelagic fishes like Cubiceps uatalensis, Chlorophthatmus spp., Antigonia spp., mid-water concentrations of balistids etc. have been found out along the Kerala Coast mainly by the fishing operations of the Indo-Norwegian Project. These as well as the "Kalava" resources could be better exploited with increased effort

ചെമ്മീന്‍ കെട്ട് (Krishi Vigyan Kendra for Mariculture Series_04) (Malayalam version)

ചെമ്മീന്‍ കെട്ട് (Krishi Vigyan Kendra for Mariculture Series_04) (Malayalam version