Evaluación de la falla del bracket en relación con diferentes factores en pacientes que reciben tratamiento ortodóntico integral: Un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate loose brackets in relation to various related factors in orthodontic patients who had completed orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 738 medical records of patients who had undergone comprehensive orthodontic treatment and matched specific inclusion criteria were selected. Paired t-tests and ANOVA, along with the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal–Wallis analyses were performed to compare the means of variables between selected subgroups. Results: Loose brackets were found most frequently on premolars, followed by incisors and then canines (p<0.01). Male and young patients were found to have a higher incidence of loose brackets compared to female and adult patients (p=0.044 and p<0.01, respectively). The highest correlation coefficient value was found between treatment duration and total number of loose brackets (0.393), which was statistically significant. Conclusions: The frequency of total number of loose brackets increased with younger age group. Premolar teeth were found to be the most commonly affected teeth, followed by incisors and canines. Mandibular teeth presented more loose brackets than maxillary.Objetivo: Fue investigar brackets sueltos en relación con varios factores relacionados en pacientes ortodónticos que habían completado el tratamiento de ortodoncia. Material y Métodos: En este estudio retrospectivo, se seleccionaron 738 registros médicos de pacientes que se habían sometido a un tratamiento ortodóntico integral y criterios de inclusión específicos coincidentes. Se realizaron pruebas t pareadas y ANOVA, junto con la prueba de Mann-Whitney y los análisis de Kruskal-Wallis para comparar las medias de las variables entre los subgrupos seleccionados. Resultados: Se encontraron corchetes sueltos con mayor frecuencia en los premolares, seguidos de incisivos y luego caninos (p<0.01). Se encontró que los pacientes masculinos y jóvenes tenían una mayor incidencia de corchetes sueltos en comparación con los pacientes femeninos y adultos (p=0.044 y p<0.01, respectivamente). El valor del coeficiente de correlación más alto se encontró entre la duración del tratamiento y el número total de corchetes sueltos (0.393), que fue estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: La frecuencia del número total de corchetes sueltos aumentó con el grupo de edad más joven. Los dientes premolares fueron los dientes más afectados, seguidos de los incisivos y los caninos. Los dientes mandibulares presentan más brackets sueltos que los maxilares

Assessment of knowledge about dental ergonomics among dental students of King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Aim: To assess the knowledge about dental ergonomics and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among dental students of King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, undergoing practical clinical training. Materials and methods: A self-designed questionnaire after pre-testing was distributed to 150 dental students of KSU undergoing clinical training, to collect data related to (a) basic knowledge about dental ergonomics; (b) any course/workshop about dental ergonomics attended; (c) basic knowledge about WRMSDs; (d) familiarity about preventive measures to decrease the risk of WRMSDs; and (e) knowledge about treatment options for WRMSDs. Results: One hundred forty-two students (95%) returned the completed questionnaires, of them 54 (38%) were males and 88 (62%) were females. The main findings of the study are that only 30% of the students knew about dental ergonomics; 93% of students have not attended any course/workshop about dental ergonomics; about half the students knew about WRMSDs; 62% of the students did not know about preventive measures to decrease the risk of WRMSDs, and 80% of students did not have knowledge about treatment options for WRMSDs. In general, female students had a better understanding of dental ergonomics and WRMSDs than male students. Conclusion: The basic knowledge of the dental ergonomics among dental students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is not adequate. Clinical significance: There is a need for introducing dedicated theoretical and practical courses covering all aspects of dental ergonomics in the undergraduate curriculum of dental education

Assessment of Knowledge about Dental Ergonomics among Dental Students of King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Aim: To assess the knowledge about dental ergonomics and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among dental students of King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, undergoing practical clinical training. Materials and methods: A self-designed questionnaire after pre-testing was distributed to 150 dental students of KSU undergoing clinical training, to collect data related to (a) basic knowledge about dental ergonomics; (b) any course/workshop about dental ergonomics attended; (c) basic knowledge about WRMSDs; (d) familiarity about preventive measures to decrease the risk of WRMSDs; and (e) knowledge about treatment options for WRMSDs. Results: One hundred forty-two students (95%) returned the completed questionnaires, of them 54 (38%) were males and 88 (62%) were females. The main findings of the study are that only 30% of the students knew about dental ergonomics; 93% of students have not attended any course/workshop about dental ergonomics; about half the students knew about WRMSDs; 62% of the students did not know about preventive measures to decrease the risk of WRMSDs, and 80% of students did not have knowledge about treatment options for WRMSDs. In general, female students had a better understanding of dental ergonomics and WRMSDs than male students. Conclusion: The basic knowledge of the dental ergonomics among dental students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is not adequate. Clinical significance: There is a need for introducing dedicated theoretical and practical courses covering all aspects of dental ergonomics in the undergraduate curriculum of dental education

Assessment of enamel surface roughness and hardness with metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets using different etching and adhesive systems: An in vitro study

Background: This study aimed to evaluate enamel surface roughness and microhardness following the use of different bracket materials (metal or ceramic), etchants (total- and self-etchants), and adhesive systems (precoated or flash-free). Method: A total of 99 extracted human premolars were selected for the analysis. The surface roughness was first assessed (roughness control). One specimen from each subgroup was examined using a scanning electron microscope to illustrate the surface topography. Eighty-eight teeth were prepared using total- or self-etchants and bonded to precoated or flash-free adhesive metal or ceramic brackets. The remaining 11 specimens were not bonded to brackets (microhardness controls). The brackets were debonded after immersion in distilled water for 24 h. The specimens were again scanned for surface roughness and topography imaging. Finally, the microhardness was assessed using a micro-Vickers hardness test at a force of 200 g for 10 s. Result: An overall statistically significant increase in surface roughness and reduced surface microhardness were observed in all experimental groups when compared with those in the control groups. The etchant type was the only variable found to contribute to the measured surface properties, with increased roughness and reduced microhardness introduced by total-etching compared to those by self-etching. Conclusion: Orthodontic brackets introduced a significant increase in enamel surface roughness and reduce microhardness compared with untreated enamel, regardless of the bracket material, etchant type, and adhesive system. The etchant type was the only variable contributing to these changes, with total etching having a more pronounced effect

Massive Renal Intratubular Hemorrhage With Herniations into Renal Veins: Report of a Case

A 30-year-old woman suffered intractable gross hematuria of renal origin, which required nephrectomy after failed conservative management. Pathological examination revealed massive intratubular hemorrhage and frequent deposition of an amorphous and homogenous material positive for Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain in the corticomedullary junction. This substance is frequently herniated into the lumen of thin-walled veins of arcuate size. There was no apparent cause for the bleeding. To the best of our knowledge this is the fourth reported case with these peculiar histopathological findings associated with hematuria. We discuss some hypotheses as to the etiopathogenesis of this rare and interesting condition

Caries risk profiles in orthodontic patients: A 4-year follow-up study using the Cariogram model in governmental vs. private clinics

Objectives: To (1) analyze caries-related factors and (2) evaluate caries risk using the Cariogram model for governmental and private orthodontic patients at de-bonding and 4 years after de-bonding. Materials and methods: Forty orthodontic patients with mean age of 26.4 years were recruited from a governmental (G) group (n = 20) and private (P) group (n = 20) and were examined at de-bonding (T1) and 4 years after de-bonding (T2). The examination included a questionnaire, plaque scoring, caries examination, bitewing radiographs, and assessment of salivary secretion rate, buffering capacity and cariogenic microorganisms. The data were entered into the Cariogram program to illustrate the caries risk profiles. Results: The chance to avoid new cavities was higher in P-group compared to G-group at T1 (58% and 31%, respectively) (P < 0.01) and T2 (77% and 52%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Plaque index was significantly higher in G-group, and fluoride was used significantly more in P-group at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05). The chance to avoid new cavities was higher at T2 compared to T1 (64% and 44%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Saliva secretion rate and buffer capacity were significantly increased, and the plaque index was significantly decreased at T2 compared to T1 (P < 0.01). Conclusion: According to the Cariogram, orthodontic patients were less likely to avoid new cavities at de-bonding and 4 years after de-bonding in government clinics compared to private clinics, and the caries risk significantly decreased 4 years after orthodontic treatment for all patients, regardless of the location of treatment. Keywords: Risk assessment, Cariogram, Orthodontics, Saudi Arabi

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population