Climate change affecting oil palm agronomy, and oil palm cultivation increasing climate change, require amelioration

Palm oil is used in various valued commodities and is a large global industry worth over US$ 50 billion annually. Oil palms (OP) are grown commercially in Indonesia and Malaysia and other countries within Latin America and Africa. The large-scale land-use change has high ecological, economic, and social impacts. Tropical countries in particular are affected negatively by climate change (CC) which also has a detrimental impact on OP agronomy, whereas the cultivation of OP increases CC. Amelioration of both is required. The reduced ability to grow OP will reduce CC, which may allow more cultivation tending to increase CC, in a decreasing cycle. OP could be increasingly grown in more suitable regions occurring under CC. Enhancing the soil fauna may compensate for the effect of CC on OP agriculture to some extent. The effect of OP cultivation on CC may be reduced by employing reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plans, for example, by avoiding illegal fire land clearing. Other ameliorating methods are reported herein. More research is required involving good management practices that can offset the increases in CC by OP plantations. Overall, OP-growing countries should support the Paris convention on reducing CC as the most feasible scheme for reducing CC.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Grant/Award Number: UID/ BIO/04469/2013, COMPETE 2020 (POCI01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004); European Regional Development Fund through Norte2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

RESPONSE OF ONION TO NPKS FERTILIZERS IN LOW GANGES RIVER FLOOD PLAIN SOIL

An investigation was conducted at farmers' field of Baliakandi, Rajbari, during three consecutive rabi seasons of 2001 to 2003 to find out the optimum fertilizer dose of onion for greater Faridpur region under AEZ 12. Four different levels of NPKS viz. control, medium yield goal (MYG), high yield goal (HYG) and HYG X 1.3 were tested with Taherpuri variety of onion. Average of three years study reveals that a considerable response of onion to NPKS was observed. However, the response to N and P was more distinct in comparison to K and S. From the average yield data, a response curve was drawn and the relationship was quadratic in nature. The nutrient dose that maximized yield (107-72-90-33 kg NPKS/ha) as well as profit (95-50-70-32 kg NPKS/ha) of onion cultivation was found out from the response curve

Effect of transplanting dates on growth and yield of inbred and hybrid rice varieties grown during rainfed season in Bangladesh

A field experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to determine the effects of transplanting dates on growth and yield of rice varieties grown in the rainfed season of 2011. The growth and yield of two inbred varieties (BR11-Mukta and BRRI dhan39) and two hybrid varieties (ACI 1 and ACI Shera) were evaluated at four transplanting dates (at 15-d intervals, from 20 July to 3 September). Varietal effect was significant based on all the recorded agronomic parameters whereas transplanting date had little effect on panicle length, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index. Combined effect showed significant variation among the tested rice genotypes except for number of total tillers m-2 at 90 d after transplanting (DAT), leaf area index (LAI) at 15 and 30 DAT, panicle length and harvest index. Among the four transplanting dates, transplanting on 4 August resulted in the highest plant biomass and yield for all tested varieties. Inbred variety BR11 produced maximum number of effective tillers (502.70 m-2), grain yield (6.57 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.68 t ha-1), yield followed by the hybrid variety ACI1. The hybrid variety ACI Shera transplanted on 4 August resulted in 9 d of early flowering, 12 d less time for maturity. The lowest performance in terms of morphological and yield-contributory characteristics, except harvest index, was recorded in the hybrid variety ACI Shera planted on 3 September. Among the tested varieties, BR11 performed better in terms of plant growth and yield, and 4 August proved to be the best time for transplanting inbred and hybrid rainfed transplanted Aman varieties in Bangladesh

A Study on removal of chromium from tannery effluent treatment of chrome tanning waste water using tannery solid waste

This study illustrates the process of removal of chromium from chrome tanning waste-water by fly ash which was drive from chrome shaving dust. This experiment was carried out in a batch process with laboratory prepared adsorbent samples and chrome tanning water collected from local tanneries. The influence of various factors likes adsorbent doses, contact time, and initial concentration of chromium on the removal of chromium from effluent was investigated. FTIR analysis was done to identify the functional groups presents in the fly ash. The maximum removal of chromium and absorption capacity was found to be 97.86%. And 23.11 mg/g at chromium concentration of 1000.3mg/l and 1291 mg/l respectively. Total dissolve solid, turbidity, and conductivity were reduced significantly. Waste water samples containing several interfering ions like Na, Fe, Ca, Zn, Mn etc. The langmuir absorption isotherm was also used to explain the nature of adsorption. This result indicates that chrome shaving dust ash can be successfully used to treat chrome tanning wastewater

Contribution of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in phosphorus bioavailability and growth enhancement of aerobic rice

The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can solubilize insoluble forms of phosphorous (P) into simple soluble forms that can be taken up by plants. The main focus of this study was to determine the effect of PSB on P availability in presence of different P rates for improved and sustainable rice (Oryza sativa L.) production under aerobic conditions. Triple superphosphate (TSP) at three levels (0, 30 and 60 kg ha�1) and two isolated PSB (Bacillus sp.) strains (PSB9 and PSB16) were tested in glasshouse conditions. Surface sterilized seeds of aerobic rice (M9 variety) were planted in plastic pots containing 3 kg of soil for 60 days. PSB strains exhibited capability of producing organic acids from soil and plant roots and increased yield of aerobic rice. Significantly, high P solubilization (28.7 mg kg�1) and plant uptake (7.94 mg kg�1) was found in PSB16 inoculated treatments at 30 kg ha�1 of P2O5. In this treatment were also observed high leaf chlorophyll content (34.57), photosynthesis rate (7.59 µmol CO2 m�2 s�1) and root development. Isolated strains showed potential to make higher availability of P and increase content of organic acids from soil and roots at lower doses of TSP in aerobic rice. With the production of organic acids (oxalic, malic, succinic and propionic) higher amounts of P in the soil solution increased plant P uptake and resulted in higher plant biomass. The application of these potential inoculants in an appropriate combination with chemical fertilizers could be considered in organic and sustainable aerobic rice cultivation system