Examining comprehension strategy instruction with English learners' problem solving: study findings and educator preparation implications

Educator preparation in comprehension strategy instruction (CSI) is essential to meeting the needs of English learners (ELs) in contemporary schools. This article provides teacher educators and professional developers with concrete examples of practices to prepare classroom teachers in comprehensive strategy instruction, based on an experimental study that examined the effect (.37) of CSI on third-grade students’ (n = 78) word-problem-solving (WPS) performance. CSI included problem-solving strategies that (a) helped students to understand the relevant and irrelevant information in a word problem’s question; (b) helped students to restate the problem orally, which allowed them to understand, to construct meaning, and to clarify any misunderstanding about the question; and (c) provided instructional feedback with student collaboration for problem solving and solution. Findings indicate that a focus on CSI may help facilitate WPS skills developing for ELs at risk of mathematics-learning difficulties (MLD). Educator preparation recommendations are embedded throughout with implications for future research and practice also discussed

Culturally Responsive Evidence-based Practices with English Language Learners with Learning Disabilities: A Qualitative Case Study

This study describes the instruction of one special education teacher with English Language Learners (ELLs) with learning disabilities in an urban elementary school setting. This study was situated in a culturally responsive, evidence-based teaching framework. In investigating this instruction with ELLs, this study focused on how one teacher’s knowledge of culturally responsive pedagogy and evidence-based practices impacted her special education instruction. Findings resulted in three major themes that were aligned with the literature in this area: The Garment of Diversity, Culture Matters in Special Education, and Their Collaborative Spirit. The results indicated that the success of special education with ELLs at the elementary education level may be dependent on how well the teacher integrates culturally responsive and evidence-based instruction with ELLs’ sociocultural needs.Este estudio describe la enseñanza de una maestra de educación especial y sus aprendientes de inglés (ELLs) con discapacidades de aprendizaje en una primaria urbana. Este estudio se situó en un marco de enseñanza culturalmente relevante y basada en la evidencia. Al investigar la instrucción de la maestra con ELLs, este estudio se enfocó en cómo su conocimiento de pedagogía culturalmente sensible y de las prácticas basadas en la evidencia impactaron su instrucción de educación especial. Los resultados dieron lugar a tres temas principales que se alinearon con la literatura en este campo: La Túnica de la Diversidad, La Cultura Importa en la Educación Especial, y Su Espíritu Colaborativo. Los resultados indicaron que el éxito de la educación especial con ELLs en el nivel de primaria puede depender de cuán bien el maestro integre la instrucción culturalmente sensible y basada en la evidencia con las necesidades socioculturales de ELLs

Convective Heat Transfer Analysis on Prandtl Fluid Model with Peristalsis

The effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) on peristaltic transport of Prandtl fluid in a symmetric channel have been studied under the assumptions of long wave length and low-Reynolds number. Channel walls are considered compliant in nature. Series solutions of axial velocity, stream function and temperature are given by using regular perturbation technique for small values of Prandtl fluid parameter. The effects of physical parameters on the velocity, streamlines and temperature are examined by plotting graphs

Bacteria from contaminated urban and hilly areas as a source of polyhydroxyalkanoates production

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production and extraction of different bacterial strains isolated from contaminated urban and hilly areas was conducted. The 30 bacterial isolates were Gram negative andbelonged to Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia and Enterobacter genera. Bacterial level of resistance against antibiotics (Penicillin) and heavy metals (zinc, cadmium and copper) was determined. Bacterial isolates from contaminated urban areas were found to be more resistant. The screening for PHA production was done by the Sudan black staining. Among the urban area isolates, U17, U8 and U9 produced highest concentration of PHA (50.4, 40.6 and 37.9%) while in hilly areaisolates H8, H6 and H9 showed highest production (45.8, 42.4 and 37.6%) by SDS digestion method. The percentage production was lowered when the extraction was done by sodium hypochlorite digestion method. Selected bacterial strains were optimized for PHA production at different growth conditions that is, pH, temperature and carbon sources. Bacterial isolates U8, U17 and H8 produced maximum amount of PHA 74, 69 and 59%, respectively, at pH 7, 37°C and using cooking oil as carbon source after 72 h. PHA polymerase phaC1/C2 genes were successfully amplified from genomic DNA of three bacterial isolates showing 540 bp DNA fragment which confirmed the presence of phaC1/C2 gene presence. It showed that the corresponding bacterial isolates would have been able to synthesizemedium chain length PHA

Influence of Variable Thermophysical Properties on Nanofluid Bioconvection along a Vertical Isothermal Cone

The prime purpose of this analysis is to investigate the effect of variable thermophysical properties of nano fluid on bioconvection boundary layer flow past a uniformly heated vertical cone. The governing equations with associated boundary conditions for this phenomenon are cast into a non-dimensional form via continuous transformation, which are then solved by using the implicit finite difference method. How does the phenomena of heat transfer is effected due to the temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of the fluid is the question investigated in this manuscript. Comprehensive numerical computations are carried out for wide range of the parameters that are describing the flow characteristics. The influence of the governing physical parameters on the distribution of velocity and temperature profiles, wall skin friction and local rate of heat transfer is explored. Tabular comparison with some special cases of published data is done and good agreement is found. It is recorded that, the variable thermophysical properties of the fluid are more likely to promote the rate of heat transfer, Q_w as compared to fluid having constant properties

Effect of chronic treatment with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor on reproductive parameters in male rat

BACKGROUND: Indomethacin is a member of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used for treatment of gout, arthritis, and other inflammatory conditions. It has been shown to inhibit ovarian prostaglandins synthesis in mammals, birds, fish and reptiles. However, the effects of its chronic administration on male reproductive functions remain largely unknown. Using rat as a model, we studied the effect of chronic treatment with indomethacin on the male reproductive system. METHODS: Testosterone was measured in the serum, testicular tissue, and testicular interstitial fluid by radioimmunoassay. Moreover, we also studied the direct effect of indomethacin in vitro on luteinizing hormone stimulated testosterone secretion from the Leydig cells isolated from various treatment groups. RESULTS: Indomethacin treatment for 50 days caused a significant but reversible decrease in prostate weight, epididymal sperm reserves and sperm motility score compared with control rats (p \u3c 0.05). In vitro stimulation of Leydig cells isolated from treated rat\u27s testes with luteinizing hormone (250 microIU) produced significantly reduced testosterone compared with cells from control groups (p \u3c 0.05). Furthermore, stimulatory effect of luteinizing hormone on the control Leydig cells was significantly reduced when these cells were challenged with luteinizing hormone in the presence of indomethacin, (p \u3c 0.05). Testosterone concentration in the testicular tissue and testicular interstitial fluid reduced after indomethacin treatment (p \u3c 0.05). CONCLUSION: Due to its significant inhibition of key reproductive hormones, indomethacin effectively inhibits reproductive functions if used on a long-term basis. In his study, we have identified potential risks in the long-term use ofcyclooxygenase inhibitors

Aqueous Extract of Nigella sativa Seeds Suppresses Testicular Steroidogenesis in Mice Leydig Cells in vitro.

10ABSTRACT 11Nigella sativa (black seed) is an important medicinal herb with folkloric use in wide range of diseases. It is 12well studied for its biological activities. However, there is limited information regarding its effect on the 13male reproductive system. This study describes the effect of the aqueous extract of N. sativa (NSE) on 14 testicular steroidogenesis from mice Leydig cells in vitro. Mice testicular cells were incubated in a media 15 containing either no treatment or NSE or LH alone or combination of LH and NSE. Incubations were 16 carried out for three hours in a shaking water bath at 34°C. Testosterone was measured by 17 radioimmunoassay. At all doses, NSE significantly (p \u3c 0.05) inhibited both basal and LH-stimulated in 18 vitro testosterone secretion. At a dose of l000 μg, NSE inhibited 52% of basal testosterone and 97% of 19 LH-stimulated testosterone, compared to control (0.32 ± 0.008 ng/ml) and LH alone (0.33 ± 0.01 ng/ml) 20 respectively. Thus, it is concluded that that both the basal and the LH-stimulated secretion of testosterone 21 from Leydig cells are suppressed significantly in the presence of different doses of NSE in vitro. However, 22 further studies are needed to explore the effect of chronic treatment with NSE in male and its potential to 23 be used as a contraceptive in male

Two-phase Natural Convection Dusty Nanofluid Flow

An analysis is performed to study the two-phase natural convection flow of nano fluid along a vertical wavy surface. The model includes equations expressing conservation of total mass, momentum and thermal energy for two-phase nano fluid. Primitive variable formulations (PVF) are used to transform the dimensionless boundary layer equations into a convenient coordinate system and the resulting equations are integrated numerically via implicit finite difference iterative scheme. The effect of controlling parameters on the dimensionless quantities such as skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer and rate of mass transfer is explored. It is concluded from the present analysis, that the diffusivity ratio parameter, N_A and particle-density increment number, N_B have pronounced influence on the reduction of heat transfer rate