Cadáver como modelo experimental para estudo da hérnia incisional mediana

PURPOSE: To describe a cadaver model and to compare different techniques to correct midline incisional hernia using the tension at the musculoaponeurotic layer as a parameter. METHODS: Twenty-four male cadavers were used to characterize the model. The tensile force applied to the anterior layers of the rectus abdominis muscle was measured after the linea alba was resected to create an abdominal wall defect. A dynamometer was used to measure the tensile force necessary to cause a 10-mm displacement of the tissues towards the midline. An index that allows comparison of tensile forces from different points was calculated by dividing the tensile force by the distance between the point of force application at the aponeurosis and the midline. RESULTS: Cadaver is a good model for the study of midline incisional hernia. CONCLUSION: Cadaver can be used effectively as a model to evaluate tension of the abdominal wall when tissue advancement and musculoaponeurotic flaps are performed in the repair of midline incisional hernia.OBJETIVO: Este estudo descreve o cadáver como modelo experimental para comparar diferentes técnicas para correção da hérnia incisional mediana usando como parâmetro a tensão músculo-aponeurotica. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro cadáveres adultos masculinos foram usados para caracterizar este modelo. A força de tensão aplicada na lamina anterior do músculo reto do abdome foi medida após ressecção da linha alba criando um defeito abdominal. Um dinamômetro foi utilizado para medir a força de tensão necessária para ocasionar o deslocamento de 10-mm do tecido até a linha mediana. Um índice para comparar as forças de tensão em diferentes pontos foi calculado dividindo a força de tensão pela distancia entre o ponto de aplicação da força na aponeurose e a linha mediana. RESULTADOS: O cadáver é um bom modelo para estudo da hérnia incisional mediana. CONCLUSÃO: O cadáver pode ser utilizado efetivamente como um modelo para avaliação da tensão da parede abdominal quando o avanço de tecidos e retalhos músculo-aponeuroticos são utilizados no reparo de uma hérnia incisional mediana.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Surgery Postgraduate Program of Plastic SurgeryUNIFESP Division of Plastic SurgeryUNIVAS Bioethical Postgraduate ProgramUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Surgery Plastic Surgery DivisionUNIFESP, Department of Surgery Postgraduate Program of Plastic SurgeryUNIFESP, Division of Plastic SurgeryUNIFESP, Department of Surgery Plastic Surgery DivisionSciEL

Equipamento nacional de detecção gama intra-operatória na identificação de linfonodo sentinela

PURPOSE: To investigate a national equipment of intraoperatory gamma detection in the identification of sentinel lymph node. METHODS: Thirty young adult male rats were used. After anesthetized, animals were divided into two groups of 15 animals each. Animals from group A received dextram 500 - Tc99 radiopharmaceutical and patent blue V and those from group B received only patent blue V to map the lymphatic drainage. The presence of radiation in the background area, in the area of injection and of the ex vivo sentinel lymph node of group A were measured. After the exeresis, each lymph node in group A and in group B was mixed forming a new random sequence and the radioactive reading of each lymph node was carried out, using both pieces of equipment. RESULTS: The hottest sentinel lymph node was identified by the national equipment when radiation was measured in the area of limphatic drainage after the Dextran 500 was injected. Also, the ex vivo sentinel lymph node. The national equipment has also detected radiation in the lymph nodes that had not received radiopharmaceutical, leading to false positive, checked by the application of Mann-Whitney tests and Student's paired t-tests. The Cronbach alpha has shown high internal consistency of data 0,9416. CONCLUSIONS: The national equipment of intraoperatory gamma detection identifies the LS and showed false positives LS and needs improvement.OBJETIVO: Investigar o equipamento nacional de detecção gama intra-operatória na identificação de linfonodo sentinela. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 30 ratos machos, adultos jovens. Depois de anestesiados, os animais foram distribuidos em dois grupos de 15 animais cada. O grupo A recebeu radiofármaco dextran 500 - Tc99 e azul patente V e o grupo B, somente azul patente V para realização do mapeamento linfático. Foi realizada a medição da captação radioativa da região de fundo, do sítio de injeção e do linfonodo sentinela ex vivo do grupo A. Após a exérese, cada linfonodo do grupo A e do grupo B foram misturados formando uma nova seqüência aleatória e procedeu a leitura da radioatividade de cada linfonodo com os dois equipamentos. RESULTADOS: O linfonodo sentinela hipercaptante foi identificado pelo equipamento nacional durante as medições da captação radioativa na região do sítio de injeção e linfonodo sentinela ex vivo. O equipamento nacional detectou radiação mesmo nos linfonodos que não receberam o radiofármaco, causando falso positivo, verificado na aplicação dos testes de Mann-Whitney e t pareado de Student. O alfa de Cronbach mostrou alta consistência interna dos dados (0,9416). CONCLUSÕES: O equipamento nacional de detecção gama intra-operatória identifica o linfonodo sentinela e mostra falsos positivos e necessita de aprimoramento.UNIFESPUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Surgery Division of Plastic SurgeryUniversity of São Paulo Faculty of MedicineUNIFESP, Department of Surgery Division of Plastic SurgerySciEL

Skin sensibility to pressure measured with a system of loads

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, Disciplina Cirurgia Plast, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, Disciplina Cirurgia Plast, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

A practical dressing to the umbilical stalk

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Plast Surg, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Plast Surg, São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Sensibility of the abdomen after abdominoplasty

Abdominal skin hypesthesia may occur after abdominoplasty. the purpose of this study was to find out (1) which sensibility modalities are decreased and (2) which areas of the abdominal wall are affected, so that patients can be warned preoperatively about this condition. Forty patients were divided in two groups of 20 patients each. in the control group, patients had no previous abdominal incisions. the sensibility evaluation of patients from the experimental group was made from 12 to 60 months after abdominoplasty, with an average of 31.5 months. These patients were divided into two groups of 10 patients each, a short-term follow-up group (12 to 30 months postoperatively) and a long-term follow-up group (31 to 60 months postoperatively). the abdominal skin was divided into 12 areas; nine were above the abdominoplasty incision and three were below it. Sensibility to superficial touch, superficial pain, and hot and cold modalities was recorded as positive in all areas by a variable number of patients of the experimental group. However, in area 8 (hypogastric area), a statistically significant number of patients had decreased sensibility in all sensibility modalities (Fisher's test and t test). Patients in the experimental group also showed decreased sensibility to hot and cold temperature in area 11 (pubic area). Sensibility to pressure decreased significantly in all areas of the abdomen when compared with the control group (t test). Nen patients of the short-term follow-up group were compared with those of the long-term follow-up group, there was no statistically significant difference for all modalities of sensibility in the areas studied, except for area 5. in this area it was found that long-term follow-up patients recovered sensibility to cold and hot temperatures. These findings help plastic surgeons to orient their patients about possible risk of exposure to injuries in the areas with decreased sensibility after abdominoplasty. Most importantly, as these patients have decreased sensibility to pressure and hot temperature in a more extensive area of the abdomen, they are exposed to a higher risk of burn injury.Hosp Jaragua, Plast Surg Residency Program, BR-04520010 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Plast Surg, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Plast Surg, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Brazilian Plastic Surgery and the Medical Code of Ethics

The number of lawsuits against plastic surgeons is increasing, and these specialists should be aware of the Medical Code of Ethics that governs their professional conduct. This study is a review of the Medical Code of Ethics in Brazil and gives examples of how ethical guidelines apply to everyday practice. We studied the Medical Code of Ethics and searched PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar, and CREMESP journals for articles pertaining to medical practice legislation. The Code of Ethics for Plastic Surgery requires that plastic surgeons be aware of their duties and obligations in order to avoid legal problems. They should also enhance treatment by detecting psychiatric disorders and litigious patients.Os cirurgiões plásticos devem conhecer o Código de Ética Médica que rege sua conduta profissional, pois cresce o número de processos contra esses especialistas. Este estudo é uma revisão do Código de Ética Médica vigente no Brasil, que monitora (controla, normatiza e/ou define) a atividade profissional, associando-o a exemplos da prática cotidiana. As fontes estudadas foram: Código de Ética Médica, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Google Acadêmico e Jornal do Cremesp. Foram estudados todos os artigos pertinentes à legislação que diz respeito à prática médica, sendo apresentados exemplos de cada situação. O cirurgião plástico deve estar consciente de seus deveres e obrigações, fundamentados no Código de Ética da especialidade, para evitar problemas jurídicos. Deve, ainda, aprimorar seu atendimento, detectando alterações psiquiátricas e pacientes mal-intencionados

Tensão das bainhas anterior e posterior do músculo reto do abdome em cadáveres

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to assess, in cadavers, the resistance to medial traction of the posterior and anterior layer of the rectus abdominis muscle sheath. METHODS: An anatomical, prospective, self-controlled study was carried out in 20 male cadavers. An evaluation of the tension of the posterior and anterior layers of the rectus abdominis muscle sheath was performed following anatomical dissection of these structures. The traction necessary to advance the tissue ten millimeters was assessed using an analogic dynamometer. RESULTS: There was no significant statistical difference between the necessary traction at various levels of the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath. However, medial advancement of the anterior layer of the rectus sheath required more traction strength than did advancement of the posterior layer to the midline. CONCLUSION: There is no difference in the tensile strength in the various levels of the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath; however, medial advancement of the the anterior layer required more traction strength.OBJETIVO: Comparar a resistência à tração medial das lâminas posterior e anterior da bainha do músculo reto do abdome em diferentes níveis supra e infra-umbilicais em cadáveres. MÉTODOS: Vinte cadáveres adultos foram submetidos à dissecção da parede abdominal anterior. Foram feitas alças com fio de náilon no plano aponeurótico em oito pontos diferentes na lâmina anterior e na lâmina posterior da bainha do músculo reto do abdome, sendo quatro destes pontos supra-umbilicais e quatro infra-umbilicais. Com o uso de um dinamômetro analógico, foi verificada a força necessária para o avanço medial de dez milímetros destes dezesseis pontos. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes de medidas da resistência à tração entre os diferentes níveis da aponeurose anterior e posterior, mas quando se comparou as medidas obtidas na aponeurose anterior às obtidas na posterior verificou-se que a aponeurose anterior necessitou de maior força de tração para o avanço medial. CONCLUSÃO: Não há diferença de tensão ao longo da aponeurose anterior e posterior. A aponeurose anterior é mais resistente à tração medial quando comparada à posterior