Home high above and home deep down below -- lending in Hungary

In Hungary in the pre-crisis period, the bank sector-initiated private credit boom significantly contributed to the accumulation of economic imbalances. Nevertheless, before the 2008 crisis no special regulatory measure was taken to mitigate the foreign exchange lending to unhedged borrowers, which was a main moving force of the credit boom. Depreciation of forint-denominated subsidized housing loans and the increased risk premium significantly deteriorated customers'positions and resulted in rocketing nonperforming loans. A recession, deteriorating portfolios, and lack of efficient workout. The introduction of strict regulation froze banking activity and the danger of recovery without lending emerged. This paper compares the pre- and post-crisis lending activity and analyzes the lack of regulation in the pre-crisis period and the inefficient regulation in the post-crisis period.Debt Markets,Banks&Banking Reform,Currencies and Exchange Rates,Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress,Emerging Markets

The therapeutic relationship between client and dietitian: An investigation of the core of clinical dietetic practice

Over recent decades healthcare has shifted towards patient-centred care as a result of the numerous benefits this approach has shown. Within dietetics, part of practising in a patient-centred way requires the development of a ‘positive’ relationship between client and dietitian. Governing documents depict this relationship as a fundamental aspect of clinical dietetic practice, however little is known about how this ‘positive’ relationship is developed and maintained in clinical practice and what education and training dietitians receive in this aspect of practice. Consistent findings from psychotherapy research show that the quality of the relationship between a client and therapist (described as a ‘therapeutic relationship’) has a modest positive effect on the client’s health outcomes. Hence understanding more about the therapeutic relationship between clients and dietitians may assist the profession to understand more about how the therapeutic relationship ‘works’ in clinical dietetic practice. Focusing on understanding this therapeutic relationship will contribute to strengthening dietetic practice in patient-centred delivery and potentially assist in supporting their clients to achieve improved positive health outcomes. The overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate the phenomenon of the therapeutic relationship between client and dietitian

Imported PER-1 producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PER-1 producing Acinetobacter baumanii and VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in Hungary

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Uncoupling JAK3 activation induces apoptosis in human lymphoid cancer cells via regulating critical survival pathways

AbstractIn the current work, we report that specific inhibition of Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK3) via NC1153 induces apoptosis of certain leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. Affymetrix microarray profiling following NC1153 treatment unveiled JAK3 dependent survival modulating pathways (p53, TGF-β, TNFR and ER stress) in Kit225 cells. IL-2 responsive NC1153 target genes were regulated in human JAK3 positive, but not in JAK3 negative lymphoid tumor cells. Moreover, primary lymphoma samples revealed that a number of these genes were reciprocally regulated during disease progression and JAK3 inhibition suggesting that downstream targets of JAK3 could be exploited in the development of novel cancer treatment regimes

An Integrative Model for Phytochrome B Mediated Photomorphogenesis: From Protein Dynamics to Physiology

Background: Plants have evolved various sophisticated mechanisms to respond and adapt to changes of abiotic factors in their natural environment. Light is one of the most important abiotic environmental factors and it regulates plant growth and development throughout their entire life cycle. To monitor the intensity and spectral composition of the ambient light environment, plants have evolved multiple photoreceptors, including the red/far-red light-sensing phytochromes. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have developed an integrative mathematical model that describes how phytochrome B (phyB), an essential receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana, controls growth. Our model is based on a multiscale approach and connects the mesoscopic intracellular phyB protein dynamics to the macroscopic growth phenotype. To establish reliable and relevant parameters for the model phyB regulated growth we measured: accumulation and degradation, dark reversion kinetics and the dynamic behavior of different nuclear phyB pools using in vivo spectroscopy, western blotting and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) technique, respectively. Conclusions/Significance: The newly developed model predicts that the phyB-containing nuclear bodies (NBs) (i) serve as storage sites for phyB and (ii) control prolonged dark reversion kinetics as well as partial reversibility of phyB Pfr in extended darkness. The predictive power of this mathematical model is further validated by the fact that we are able to formalize a basic photobiological observation, namely that in light-grown seedlings hypocotyl length depends on the total amount o