2,657 research outputs found
Sound Apperception Test: Development and Validation
We report the development of Sound Apperception Test SAT measuring personality using an alternative auditory form of projective testing Sound effects designed to measure four personality dimensions viz intellectual functioning interpersonal adjustment task orientation and emotional embedded-ness were created Stimulus analysis was carried out on a randomly drawn sample n 440 Twenty-four out of the 60 sound effects had more than 75 consensus among expert raters and were retained Six of the 18 sound effects were common for males and females and six each were gender-specific The test-retest reliability for males n 107 was 0 692 0 765 p 0 01 and for females n 69 it was 0 644 0 841 p 0 01 The validity for males n 178 was 0 652 0 691 p 0 01 and for females n 64 it was 0 675 0 71 p 0 0
Spirituality Scale: Development and Validation
The genesis of spirituality is challenging due to a wide variety of perspectives and assumptions underlying spirituality research. Spirituality is still an emerging concept in the developing countries such as India, although rich culture has enriched in the past. Confining to various definitions of spirituality, the study attempts to evolve a health oriented spirituality scale in an Indian context. With exploration of literature and expert reviews, various attributes of spirituality scale were initiated with a pool of 120 items. These items were subjected to experts’ opinion and were reduced to 77. The version I scale was then administered on a sample of 254 participants. After initial factor analyses, the scale was again administered on a sample of 104 participants. Principal component analyses were employed and 56 items were retained covering five factors for final version of Spirituality Scale. The reliability was 0.640 and validity was 0.491
The 6-vertex model of hydrogen-bonded crystals with bond defects
It is shown that the percolation model of hydrogen-bonded crystals, which is
a 6-vertex model with bond defects, is completely equivalent with an 8-vertex
model in an external electric field. Using this equivalence we solve exactly a
particular 6-vertex model with bond defects. The general solution for the
Bethe-like lattice is also analyzed.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures; added references for section
Author Correction: LKB1 loss links serine metabolism to DNA methylation and tumorigenesis
Erratum for: LKB1 loss links serine metabolism to DNA methylation and tumorigenesis. [Nature. 2016
Dimer coverings on the Sierpinski gasket with possible vacancies on the outmost vertices
We present the number of dimers on the Sierpinski gasket
at stage with dimension equal to two, three, four or five, where one of
the outmost vertices is not covered when the number of vertices is an
odd number. The entropy of absorption of diatomic molecules per site, defined
as , is calculated to be
exactly for . The numbers of dimers on the generalized
Sierpinski gasket with and are also obtained
exactly. Their entropies are equal to , , ,
respectively. The upper and lower bounds for the entropy are derived in terms
of the results at a certain stage for with . As the
difference between these bounds converges quickly to zero as the calculated
stage increases, the numerical value of with can be
evaluated with more than a hundred significant figures accurate.Comment: 35 pages, 20 figures and 1 tabl
Cellular adaptations to hypoxia and acidosis during somatic evolution of breast cancer
Conceptual models of carcinogenesis typically consist of an evolutionary sequence of heritable changes in genes controlling proliferation, apoptosis, and senescence. We propose that these steps are necessary but not sufficient to produce invasive breast cancer because intraductal tumour growth is also constrained by hypoxia and acidosis that develop as cells proliferate into the lumen and away from the underlying vessels. This requires evolution of glycolytic and acid-resistant phenotypes that, we hypothesise, is critical for emergence of invasive cancer. Mathematical models demonstrate severe hypoxia and acidosis in regions of intraductal tumours more than 100 m from the basement membrane. Subsequent evolution of glycolytic and acid-resistant phenotypes leads to invasive proliferation. Multicellular spheroids recapitulating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) microenvironmental conditions demonstrate upregulated glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) as adaptation to hypoxia followed by growth into normoxic regions in qualitative agreement with model predictions. Clinical specimens of DCIS exhibit periluminal distribution of GLUT-1 and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) indicating transcriptional activation by hypoxia and clusters of the same phenotype in the peripheral, presumably normoxic regions similar to the pattern predicted by the models and observed in spheroids. Upregulated GLUT-1 and NHE-1 were observed in microinvasive foci and adjacent intraductal cells. Adaptation to hypoxia and acidosis may represent key events in transition from in situ to invasive cancer
Lambda-proton correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
The prospect of using lambda-proton correlations to extract source sizes in
relativistic heavy ion collisions is investigated. It is found that the strong
interaction induces a large peak in the correlation function that provides more
sensitive source size measurements than two-proton correlations under some
circumstances. The prospect of using lambda-proton correlations to measure the
time lag between lambda and proton emissions is also studied.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure, revtex style. Two short paragraphs are added at
referees' recommendations. Phys. Rev. Lett. in pres
Quark-Gluon Plasma at RHIC and the LHC: Perfect Fluid too Perfect?
Relativistic heavy ion collisions have reached energies that enable the
creation of a novel state of matter termed the quark-gluon plasma. Many
observables point to a picture of the medium as rapidly equilibrating and
expanding as a nearly inviscid fluid. In this article, we explore the evolution
of experimental flow observables as a function of collision energy and attempt
to reconcile the observed similarities across a broad energy regime in terms of
the initial conditions and viscous hydrodynamics. If the initial spatial
anisotropies are very similar for all collision energies from 39 GeV to 2.76
TeV, we find that viscous hydrodynamics might be consistent with the level of
agreement for v2 of unidentified hadrons as a function of pT . However, we
predict a strong collision energy dependence for the proton v2(pT). The results
presented in this paper highlight the need for more systematic studies and a
re-evaluation of previously stated sensitivities to the early time dynamics and
properties of the medium.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, submitted to the New Journal of Physics focus
issue "Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: From Ultracold Quantum Gases to
QCD Plasmas
Synergistic Biophysical Techniques Reveal Structural Mechanisms of Engineered Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides in Lipid Model Membranes
In the quest for new antibiotics, two novel engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides (eCAPs) have been rationally designed. WLBU2 and D8 (all 8 valines are the d-enantiomer) efficiently kill both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, but WLBU2 is toxic and D8 nontoxic to eukaryotic cells. We explore protein secondary structure, location of peptides in six lipid model membranes, changes in membrane structure and pore evidence. We suggest that protein secondary structure is not a critical determinant of bactericidal activity, but that membrane thinning and dual location of WLBU2 and D8 in the membrane headgroup and hydrocarbon region may be important. While neither peptide thins the Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide outer membrane model, both locate deep into its hydrocarbon region where they are primed for self-promoted uptake into the periplasm. The partially α-helical secondary structure of WLBU2 in a red blood cell (RBC) membrane model containing 50 % cholesterol, could play a role in destabilizing this RBC membrane model causing pore formation that is not observed with the D8 random coil, which correlates with RBC hemolysis caused by WLBU2 but not by D8.Fil: Heinrich, Frank. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Salyapongse, Aria. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Kumagai, Akari. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Dupuy, Fernando Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Shukla, Karpur. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Penk, Anja. Universitat Leipzig; AlemaniaFil: Huster, Daniel. Universitat Leipzig; AlemaniaFil: Ernst, Robert K.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Pavlova, Anna. Georgia Institute Of Techology. School Of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; Estados UnidosFil: Gumbart, James C.. Georgia Institute Of Techology. School Of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; Estados UnidosFil: Deslouches, Berthony. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Di, Y. Peter. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Tristram-Nagle, Stephanie. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados Unido
Deconvolving Instrumental and Intrinsic Broadening in Excited State X-ray Spectroscopies
Intrinsic and experimental mechanisms frequently lead to broadening of
spectral features in excited-state spectroscopies. For example, intrinsic
broadening occurs in x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of heavy
elements where the core-hole lifetime is very short. On the other hand,
nonresonant x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) and other energy loss measurements are
more limited by instrumental resolution. Here, we demonstrate that the
Richardson-Lucy (RL) iterative algorithm provides a robust method for
deconvolving instrumental and intrinsic resolutions from typical XAS and XRS
data. For the K-edge XAS of Ag, we find nearly complete removal of ~9.3 eV FWHM
broadening from the combined effects of the short core-hole lifetime and
instrumental resolution. We are also able to remove nearly all instrumental
broadening in an XRS measurement of diamond, with the resulting improved
spectrum comparing favorably with prior soft x-ray XAS measurements. We present
a practical methodology for implementing the RL algorithm to these problems,
emphasizing the importance of testing for stability of the deconvolution
process against noise amplification, perturbations in the initial spectra, and
uncertainties in the core-hole lifetime.Comment: 35 pages, 13 figure
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