Hydroimidazolone Modification of the Conserved Arg12 in Small Heat Shock Proteins: Studies on the Structure and Chaperone Function Using Mutant Mimics

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an α-dicarbonyl compound present ubiquitously in the human body. MGO reacts with arginine residues in proteins and forms adducts such as hydroimidazolone and argpyrimidine in vivo. Previously, we showed that MGO-mediated modification of αA-crystallin increased its chaperone function. We identified MGO-modified arginine residues in αA-crystallin and found that replacing such arginine residues with alanine residues mimicked the effects of MGO on the chaperone function. Arginine 12 (R12) is a conserved amino acid residue in Hsp27 as well as αA- and αB-crystallin. When treated with MGO at or near physiological concentrations (2–10 µM), R12 was modified to hydroimidazolone in all three small heat shock proteins. In this study, we determined the effect of arginine substitution with alanine at position 12 (R12A to mimic MGO modification) on the structure and chaperone function of these proteins. Among the three proteins, the R12A mutation improved the chaperone function of only αA-crystallin. This enhancement in the chaperone function was accompanied by subtle changes in the tertiary structure, which increased the thermodynamic stability of αA-crystallin. This mutation induced the exposure of additional client protein binding sites on αA-crystallin. Altogether, our data suggest that MGO-modification of the conserved R12 in αA-crystallin to hydroimidazolone may play an important role in reducing protein aggregation in the lens during aging and cataract formation

Robot Localization by Particle Filter using Visual Database

One of the major problems in robotics is to recognize the robots position with respect to a given environment. More recently researchers have begun to exploit the structural properties of robotic domains that have led to great success. A general solution for such problem is the implementation of particle filters. The particle filter is more efficient than any other tracking algorithm because this mechanism follows Bayesian estimation rule of conditional probability propagation. In this paper we would like to present an approach to improvise the particle filter algorithm using SIFT pattern recognition technique and image database processing to obtain unimodal uncertainty for effective position tracking

Investigation of MHD micropolar flow between a stationary and a rotating disc: Keller-box solution

AbstractIn the present investigation, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) micropolar fluid flow between a stationary disc and a rotating disc with a constant angular velocity is considered. The study investigates the effect of magnetic field and microrotation structure on the flow characteristics. The governing equations of motion are transformed to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in dimensionless form using Von Karman’s similarity transformations. An algorithm based on implicit finite difference method-Keller-box Scheme is employed to solve the resulting similarity equations for various pertinent parameters. Numerical solutions of velocity profiles, pressure gradient and microrotation profiles are discussed, and presented through tables and graphs for various Magnetic parameter. Comparisons are made between the obtained results and previously reported findings in the literature. The successful validation against existing literature supports the effectiveness of the methodology employed in this investigation

Spectrophotometric determination of chromium by using sulphanilic acid and N, N-dimethylaniline

78-81<span style="font-size:9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-GB">A sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of chromium(VI) directly and chromium(III) after oxidation to chromium(VI) with bromine water has been developed. Chromium(VI) oxidises hydoxylamine using acetate buffer of pH 4 to nitrite, which then diazotises sulphanilic acid to form diazonium salt. These diazonium salts are then coupled with N, N-dimethylaniline in alkaline medium resulting azo dye methyl orange, which induces orange colour in acidic medium shows an absorption maximum at 507 nm. The method is free from the interferences of several metal ions and obeys Beer’s law in the range of 0.1 to 1.8 µg/mL in acidic medium. Molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the system with sulphanilic acid diazoniumchloride and N,N-dimethylaniline couple(methyl orange) in acidic medium are found to be 1.74 × 104 Lmol-1 cm-1 and 3.84 × 10-3 µg/cm2 respectively. The optimum reaction condition evaluation and interference of other ions on the determination have been described. The method is useful for the analysis of chromium in soil and pharmaceutical samples. </span

Tool condition classification in turning process using hidden Markov model based on texture analysis of machined surface images

Tool condition monitoring has found its importance to meet the requirement of production quality in industries. Machined surface texture is directly affected by the extent of tool wear. Hence, by analyzing the machined surface images, the information about the cutting tool condition can be obtained. This paper presents a novel technique for tool wear classification using hidden Markov model (HMM) technique applied on the features extracted from the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of machined surface images. The tool conditions are classified into sharp, semi-dull and dull tool states. The proposed method is found to be cost effective and reliable for on-machine tool classification of cutting tool wear with an average of 95% accuracy

Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Free Convection in Micropolar Fluids over a Permeable Shrinking Sheet with Slip Boundary Conditions

The convective micropolar fluid flow over a permeable shrinking sheet in the presence of a heat source and thermal radiation with the magnetic field directed towards the sheet has been studied in this paper. The mathematical formulation considers the partial slip condition at the sheet, allowing a realistic representation of the fluid flow near the boundary. The governing equations for the flow, heat, and mass transfer are formulated using the conservation laws of mass, momentum, angular momentum, energy, and concentration. The resulting nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations. The numerical solutions are obtained using robust computational techniques to examine the influence of various parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The impact of slip effects, micropolar fluid characteristics, and permeability parameters on the flow features and heat transfer rates are thoroughly analyzed. The findings of this investigation offer valuable insights into the behavior of micropolar fluids in free convection flows over permeable shrinking sheets with slip, providing a foundation for potential applications in various industrial and engineering processes. Key findings include the observation that the velocity profile overshoots for assisting flow with decreasing viscous force and rising magnetic effects as opposed to opposing flow. The thermal boundary layer thickness decreases due to buoyant force but shows increasing behavior with heat source parameters. The present result agrees with the earlier findings for specific parameter values in particular cases

Friction stir weld classification by applying wavelet analysis and support vector machine on weld surface images

Online monitoring of friction stir welding (FSW) is inevitable due to the increasing demand of this process. Also the machine vision system has industrial importance for monitoring of manufacturing processes due to its non-invasiveness and flexibility. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to monitor friction stir welding process by analyzing the weld surface images. Here, discrete wavelet transform has been applied on FSW images to extract useful features for describing the good and defective weld. These obtained features have been fed to support vector machine based classification model for classifying good and defective weld with 99% and 97% accuracy with Gaussian and polynomial kernel, respectively

Tool condition monitoring by SVM classification of machined surface images in turning

Tool condition monitoring has found its importance to meet the requirement of quality production in industries. Machined surface is directly affected by the extent of tool wear. Hence, by analyzing the machined surface, the information about the cutting tool condition can be obtained. This paper presents a novel technique for multi-classification of tool wear states using a kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) technique applied on the features extracted from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of machined surface images. The tool conditions are classified into sharp, semi-dull, and dull tool states by using Gaussian and polynomial kernels. The proposed method is found to be cost-effective and reliable for online tool wear classification

Significance of Weed Flora Identification and its Management on Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growing Tract of Tungabhadra Command Area

Aims: To identify the weed species in Bt cotton under Tunga-bhadra project command area and to study the effect of sequential application of pre- emergent (PE) and post- emergent herbicides (PoE) on weed growth and to know the efficiency of different weed control practices on weed species. Study Design: The experiment was laid in RBD (Randomized Block Design). Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra farm, UAS, Raichur situated in TBP command area during kharif season of 2018-19. Methodology: The design was RBD with 11 treatments and replicated thrice. Gross plot size of the field was 7.2 m × 4.8 m and net plot size was 5.4 m ×3.6 m with spacing of 90 x 30 cm. The certified seeds of Jadoo Bt II Cotton with the test weight of 6.5 g was used for sowing. The crop duration was around 6 month Results: Weed flora present in the Bt cotton field were identified and classified based on their morphology. It was divulged that; dicotyledonous weeds were dominant in cotton field. The sequential applications of metolachlor 50 % EC @ 1000 g a.i. ha-1 as PE fb pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE @ 2-5 leaf stage of weeds fb Inter cultivation (IC) @ 60 DAS reported lower weed count and weed dry matter and reported the highest weed control efficiency (90.22 %) at harvest than the application of diuron 80 % WP as PE fb @ 1500 g a.i. and pendimethalin Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1250 g a.i. ha-1 as PE followed by pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE @ 2-5 leaf stage of weeds fb Inter cultivation (IC) @ 60 DAS. Conclusion:  Application of pre-emergent followed by post emergent herbicides control the early and later flush of weeds. It avoids the emergence of broad spectrum weed flushes and weed shift. Integrated herbicidal application along with intercultural operations was found better in keeping weeds under a threshold than following a single method

VALUATION OF EXTERNALITIES IN WATER, FORESTS AND ENVIRONMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Conceptual development in the theory of externalities have opened up several policy options for their internalization including payment towards environmental services. Hence as externalities are social costs, accountability is crucial in increasing environmental awareness and for collective action through education and extension more so in developing countries. Here a modest attempt has been made to estimate externalities in water, forests and environment with field data from peninsular India to reflect on the economic perception of externalities by farmers and users of environment for the consideration of policy makers to devise institutions for payment towards environmental services. The methodology largely used here in estimation / valuation of externalities is by considering ‘with – without’ situations (including ‘before – after’ in some cases) akin to ‘project valuation’. Studies cover empirical estimation of externalities inter alia due to over extraction of groundwater , sand mining, watershed development, conservation of forests, sacred groves, cultivation of organic coffee, use of medicinal plants as alternate medicines and the annual values presented are in 2008 prices. The negative externality due to sand mining 24 € per acre, that due to distillery effluent pollution is 34 € per acre. The positive externality due to watershed program is around 51 € per acre, and that due to rehabilitation of irrigation tanks is 26 € per acre. The positive externality due to cultivation of shade coffee is 9 € per acre and that due to forest conservation 27 € per acre. The positive externality due to sacred grove conservation was 12 € per family. The impact of forest conservation on Non timber forest products was 88 € / per tribal household. The positive externality due to use of medicinal plants as alternate medicine is equal to 35 € per patient suffering from osteo-arthritis and 19 € per patient suffering from peptic-ulcer. While these estimates are not sacro sanct as the methodologies for valuation of externalities are subject to further review and improvement, they however serve as initial indicators of spillovers. And they signal possibilities for consideration of policy makers for devising alternate institutions for potential payment towards environmental services