Identification of a novel type of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase involved in arachidonic acid biosynthesis

AbstractArachidonic acid (ARA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and an essential component of membrane lipids. However, the PUFA synthase required for ARA biosynthesis has not been identified in any organism. To identify the PUFA synthase producing ARA, we determined the draft genome sequence of the marine bacterium Aureispira marina, which produces a high level of ARA, and found a gene cluster encoding a putative PUFA synthase for ARA production. Expression of the gene cluster in Escherichia coli induced production of ARA, demonstrating that the gene cluster encodes a PUFA synthase required for ARA biosynthesis

Development of a magnetic field measurement system using a tri-axial search coil

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科情報システム金沢大学工学部In order to measure the magnetic field noise around electric devices, we developed a measurement system using a triaxial search coil. The crosstalk of the orthogonal search coils is less than -40 dB between the tri-axial search coil sensors. The measured magnetic sensitivity of the search coil is 10 pT/√Hz at 1 kHz. ©2005 IEEE

Estimation of electric parameters for thin shielding sheets

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科情報システム金沢大学工学部We suggest an estimation method of the electric parameters for thin shielding sheets. In order to evaluate our estimation method, we estimated the electric parameters for the metallic materials which have known electric parameters, and evaluated our method. For the non-magnetic materials, the estimated relative permeability was the same as the nominal values. For the ferromagnetic materials, the estimated relative permeability varied 0% to 30% from the nominal values. For both types of materials, the estimated conductivities were 0% to 9.8% different from the nominal values. Next, we apply our estimation method to shielding sheets, and we can estimate the electric parameters for items such as thin cloths. ©2005 IEEE

Determining the relative permeability and conductivity of thin materials

In order to determine the relative permeability and conductivity of thin materials that could not be found using traditional methods, we constructed a shield box and developed a measuring system to estimate the unknown electric parameters of exotic shielding materials such as thin cloths. Thin electromagnetic shielding sheets of both nonmagnetic materials and ferromagnetic materials were used. The shielding effectiveness of the materials was measured as a function of frequency, and the results were compared with the calculated solutions for a multilayered model that was evaluated using the Sommerfeld integral that expresses near-field spherical waves by a composition of cylindrical waves. In these calculations, the relative permeability and conductivity were varied to determine the solution closest to the measured results. The least squares method was used to determine the best fitted values. Initially the nominal values of relative permeability were assumed, and the conductivity was found using the fitting technique. Then this determined value of the conductivity was assumed, and the relative permeability was found using the fitting technique. For the nonmagnetic materials, the estimated relative permeability was the same as the nominal values. For the ferromagnetic materials, the estimated relative permeability varied 0 percent -30 percent from the nominal values. For both types of materials, the estimated conductivities were 0 percent -9.8 percent different from nominal values. This research details a new method for evaluating the attenuation of interfering electromagnetic waves for thin materials

Gadd45β expression in chondrosarcoma: A pilot study for diagnostic and biological implications in histological grading

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma, especially the distinction between enchondroma and low-grade chondrosarcoma or low-grade chondrosarcoma and high-grade chondrosarcoma, is pathologically difficult, differential diagnosis is very important because the treatment strategies for these diseases are completely different. The grading system is crucial in predicting biologic behavior and prognosis, however, exact pathological grading is difficult using only routine examinations because the criteria of the grading system are not necessarily definitive. Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45β (GADD45β) is an essential molecule for chondrocytes during terminal differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of GADD45β in enchondroma, and chondrosarcoma of histological grades I, II, and III, to clarify the diagnostic significance of GADD45β in pathological grading of chondrosarcoma.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty samples (enchondroma = 6, chondrosarcoma grade I = 7, grade II = 6, grade III = 1) were used for immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the expression of GADD45β. Quantitative analysis was performed to compare the number of GADD45β positive cells and pathological grading.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Over 70% of the cells in enchondromas expressed GADD45β. On the other hand, the expression of GADD45β decreased significantly according to the histological grade of chondrosarcoma (grade I: 45%; grade II: 13.8%; and grade III: 3.8%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The association of GADD45β expression and pathological grading of chondrosarcoma in the present study suggests that the immunohistochemical study of GADD45β may be a specific diagnostic parameter for chondrosarcoma cell differentiation.</p

Finite element analysis of cementless femoral stems based on mid- and long-term radiological evaluation

Comparison of stress shielding ~5 and ~10 years postoperatively (Fig. 5). (XLSX 12 kb

シゼン VLF ホウシャ キョウド ト ギンガ ザツオン デンパ キュウシュウ CNA ノ ソウカン カンケイ ヲ モチイタ カブ デンリソウ デンシ ミツド ノ スイテイ

本研究では,地上で観測されるVLFホイスラモード波(昼間に観測されるコーラス)の電離層減衰率とCNAを用いた新しい下部電離層電子密度のリモートセンシング技術を提案する.そのために,さまざまな電子密度モデルに対する両者の関係を理論的に評価している.評価の手法は,full-wave解析を用いてVLFホイスラモード波の下部電離層減衰率とCNAを理論計算している.計算結果は観測結果と同様にCNAとVLF波動の負相関を示し,さらに,増大した電子密度モデルの最大電子密度高度が下がるにつれ,CNA-VLF負相関の傾きが増大する関係を示した.つまり,観測されたCNA-VLF負相関の傾きが,降下粒子に伴う下部電離層を増大させる電子密度高度を推定する情報源に成りえるということが分かった.これは,夜間のみに生じるTrimpi現象と共に,昼間の降下粒子検出に対する新しい下部電離層電子密度推定手法となるであろう.In this study, we suggest a new remote sensing technique for enhanced electron density in the lower ionosphere by using the correlation between VLF whistler mode waves (daytime chorus emissions) and CNA, both observed on the ground. The ionospheric attenuations for VLF whistler mode and HF waves (as a CNA value) are calculated by using full-wave analysis to evaluate their correlations for various ionospheric electron density profiles enhanced by precipitating electrons. The calculation results show negative correlations between CNA and VLF whistler mode waves in accordance with the observation results. Then, the gradient of the negative correlation becomes larger with decreasing altitude of maximum electron density. Thus, we found that the correlation provides information on the vertical profile of the enhanced electron density in the lower ionosphere caused by electron precipitation. This allows the study of electron precipitation in the daytime, in addition to Trimpi events at nighttime