GPCR-mediated calcium and cAMP signaling determines psychosocial stress susceptibility and resiliency

ストレスに強い脳と弱い脳のメカニズム解明 --うつ病の脳のしくみ解明へ前進--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-04-06.Chronic stress increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders. Although behavioral responses to repeated stress vary across individuals, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we perform a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of an animal model of depression and patients with clinical depression and report that dysfunction of the Fos-mediated transcription network in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) confers a stress-induced social interaction deficit. Critically, CRISPR-Cas9–mediated ACC Fos knockdown causes social interaction deficits under stressful situation. Moreover, two classical second messenger pathways, calcium and cyclic AMP, in the ACC during stress differentially modulate Fos expression and regulate stress-induced changes in social behaviors. Our findings highlight a behaviorally relevant mechanism for the regulation of calcium- and cAMP-mediated Fos expression that has potential as a therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders related to stressful environments

Evidence for phosphorylation of rat liver glucose-regulated protein 58, GRP58/ERp57/ER-60, induced by fasting and leptin

AbstractGlucose-regulated protein 58 (GRP58)-like immunoreactivity in rat liver obtained in the evening or after fasting underwent an electrophoretic band-shift, which disappeared after phosphatase-treatment. Since mass spectrometric analysis raised a possibility that Ser150 of GRP58 is phosphorylated, an antibody against the phosphoserine150 GRP58 was generated. Immunoreactivity to this antibody was increased in the evening and after fasting. Since GRP58 was shown to interact with signal transducer and activator of transduction 3 (STAT3), a leptin-related protein, the effect of leptin was examined. Immunoreactivity to the anti-phosphoGRP58 antibody was markedly elevated after the leptin injection, indicating that Ser150 of GRP58 is phosphorylated after fasting and leptin-treatment

Science from an Ultra-Deep, High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Survey

Opening up a new window of millimeter-wave observations that span frequency bands in the range of 30 to 500 GHz, survey half the sky, and are both an order of magnitude deeper (about 0.5 uK-arcmin) and of higher-resolution (about 10 arcseconds) than currently funded surveys would yield an enormous gain in understanding of both fundamental physics and astrophysics. In particular, such a survey would allow for major advances in measuring the distribution of dark matter and gas on small-scales, and yield needed insight on 1.) dark matter particle properties, 2.) the evolution of gas and galaxies, 3.) new light particle species, 4.) the epoch of inflation, and 5.) the census of bodies orbiting in the outer Solar System.Comment: 5 pages + references; Submitted to the Astro2020 call for science white paper

CMB-S4

We describe the stage 4 cosmic microwave background ground-based experiment CMB-S4