Disease history and risk of comorbidity in the women’s life course: a comprehensive analysis of the Japan Nurses’ Health Study baseline survey.

学位記番号：保博乙4

Prevalence of Exogenous Hormone Use in Japanese Women

Background: There have been few community-based epidemiological studies in which the prevalence of exogenous hormone use, including the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), has been accurately assessed in Japan. Methods: We have been conducting repeated surveys of participants in the Japan Nurses’ Health Study (JNHS), as a nationwide prospective cohort study, since 2001. We determined the prevalence of exogenous hormone use at baseline and during a 10-year follow-up period. A total of 15,019 female nurses participated in the JNHS follow-up cohort. We determined the prevalence of OC use in 14,839 women <60 years of age at baseline and the prevalence of HRT use in 7,915 women, excluding premenopausal women, at the last time they answered a questionnaire. The duration of HRT use was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Six percent of the participants used OCs. The proportion of HRT users who stopped HRT before the baseline survey, the proportion of women using HRT during the follow-up period, and the proportion of all of the participants who had used HRT were 3.2%, 10.6%, and 13.8%, respectively. The median duration of HRT use was 2 years. Conclusions: The lifetime prevalences of exogenous hormone use during this prospective study conducted in Japanese nurses were 6.0% for OCs and 13.8% for HRT. The information obtained in this study will be useful for clarification of the association between exogenous estrogen exposure and estrogen-related diseases as future research

Association between FSH, E1, and E2 levels in urine and serum in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Objective: We aimed to establish correlations for the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) between urine and serum in premenopausal and postmenopausal women using immunoassays. Methods: In this study of 92 women (61 postmenopausal, 31 premenopausal), both urine and blood specimens were collected on the same day and stored at 4 °C for analysis by chemiluminescent immunoassay, radioimmunoassay and/or electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: There were correlations in the levels of FSH, E1 and E2 between urine and serum in both postmenopausal (r = 0.96 for FSH, r = 0.91 for E1, r = 0.80 for E2) and premenopausal (r = 0.98 for FSH, r = 0.92 for E1, r = 0.90 for E2) women. It is indicated that the correlations were stronger in the premenopausal group compared with the postmenopausal group, especially for FSH. Conclusion: The levels of FSH, E1 and E2 in urine correlated with those in the serum in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Urine samples could be used instead of serum samples to measure hormone levels, which would reduce the difficulty of conducting large survey studies

Disease history and risk of comorbidity in women's life course : a comprehensive analysis of the Japan Nurses’ Health Study baseline survey

Objective: To classify diseases based on age at peak incidence to identify risk factors for later disease in women’s life course. Design: A cross-sectional baseline survey of participants in the Japan Nurses’ Health Study. Setting: A nationwide prospective cohort study on the health of Japanese nurses. The baseline survey was conducted between 2001 and 2007 (n=49 927). Main outcome measures: Age at peak incidence for 20 diseases from a survey of Japanese women was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with the Kernel smoothing technique. The incidence rate and peak incidence for diseases whose peak incidence occurred before the age of 45 years or before the perimenopausal period were selected as early-onset diseases. The OR and 95% CI were estimated to examine the risk of comorbidity between early-onset and other diseases. Results: Four early-onset diseases (endometriosis, anaemia, migraine headache and uterine myoma) were significantly correlated with one another. Late-onset diseases significantly associated (OR>2) with early-onset diseases included comorbid endometriosis with ovarian cancer (3.65 (2.16 to 6.19)), endometrial cancer (2.40 (1.14 to 5.04)) and cerebral infarction (2.10 (1.15 to 3.85)); comorbid anaemia with gastric cancer (3.69 (2.68 to 5.08)); comorbid migraine with transient ischaemic attack (3.06 (2.29 to 4.09)), osteoporosis (2.11 (1.71 to 2.62)), cerebral infarction (2.04 (1.26 to 3.30)) and angina pectoris (2.00 (1.49 to 2.67)); and comorbid uterine myoma with colorectal cancer (2.31 (1.48 to 3.61)). Conclusions: While there were significant associations between four early-onset diseases, women with a history of one or more of the early-onset diseases had a higher risk of other diseases later in their life course. Understanding the history of early-onset diseases in women may help reduce the subsequent risk of chronic diseases in later life

Screening for an Efficient Procedure to Generate Non-Congenital Albino Zebrafish using Chemical Compounds or Antisense Oligonucleotides

Zebrafish is a good model organism for developmental biology and biomedicalresearch. In its early developmental stages, zebrafish is very transparent, and the speed ofdevelopment is rapid, however, its larva is highly pigmented, and thus it is almostimpossible to observe the internal organs using non-invasive methods. Here we report theeffects of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) and organic compounds which targetzebrafish melanogenesis. Antisense MO for zebrafish tyrosinase and phenyl-thiourea(PTU) are highly effective to reduce the pigmentation of melanosomes in melanophores.Arbutin and Kojic acid are partially effective, and Fullerene C60 is not effective forinhibiting zebrafish melanogenesis. Except for pigmentation, all these reagents did notdisrupt normal embryogenesis and the left-right specification of the heart. After 8-daytreatment with PTU, we succeeded in visualizing the shape of the brain ventricle byinjecting with Qdot 655 (red nanocrystal). The inhibition of melanogenesis is useful for thestudy of brain development using zebrafish larvae.■原 著■ 2007 年度神奈川大学総合理学研究所共同研究助成論

Guerra pela memória: Malvinas e o embate entre veteranos (militares e civis) e familiares de soldados mortos no campo da construção de memórias

We start the article by analyzing the conflicting field of constructing memories on traumatic events that marked History. Afterwards, we focus on how this conflict takes place in the construction of memories about the Malvinas War, which involve various sectors of Argentine society, mainly veterans of war, military and civilians, and relatives of fallen soldiers. The analyzed period starts in 1982, with the end of the war, and ends in 2015, the year of conclusion of the research. When analyzing the vast Argentine bibliographic material on the subject and interviewing veterans and family members of soldiers who died in the conflict, we concluded that the main factor in the conflict in the construction of memories of the war is that it was undertaken by a government of a military dictatorship, which, for a group, is an aspect that should always be remembered due to the abuses committed by officers against conscripts in the front, and, for others, should be forgotten to avoid arguments that delegitimize the war. Keywords: Constructions of memories. Malvinas War. Argentine Military Dictatorship.Comenzamos el artículo analizando el campo conflictivo de la construcción de la memoria sobre hechos traumáticos que marcaron la Historia. Posteriormente, nos enfocamos en cómo se procesa este conflicto en la construcción de memorias sobre la Guerra de Malvinas, que involucran a diversos sectores de la sociedad argentina, especialmente a veteranos de guerra, militares y civiles, y familiares de soldados muertos. El período analizado comienza en 1982, con el fin de la guerra, y finaliza en 2015, año de conclusión de la investigación. Al analizar el vasto material bibliográfico argentino sobre el tema y entrevistar a veteranos y familiares de militares fallecidos en el conflicto, concluimos que el factor principal en la construcción de memorias bélicas es que fue emprendido por un gobierno de dictadura militar, que para un grupo es un aspecto que siempre hay que recordar por los abusos cometidos por los oficiales contra los conscriptos en el frente, y para otros hay que olvidarlo para evitar discursos que deslegitiman la guerra. Palabras clave: Construcciones de memoria. Guerra de Malvinas. Dictadura militar argentina.Iniciamos o artigo[1] analisando o conflituoso campo de construção de memórias sobre eventos traumáticos que marcaram a História. Posteriormente, enfocamos como se processa esse conflito nas construções de memórias sobre a Guerra das Malvinas, que envolvem vários setores da sociedade argentina, principalmente os veteranos da guerra, militares e civis, e familiares de soldados mortos. O período analisado inicia-se no ano de 1982, com o final da guerra, e encerra-se em 2015, ano de conclusão da pesquisa. Ao analisarmos o vasto material bibliográfico argentino sobre o tema e entrevistarmos veteranos e familiares de soldados que morreram no conflito, concluímos que o principal fator de embate nas construções de memórias da guerra é que esta foi empreendida por um governo de uma ditadura militar, o que para um grupo é um aspecto que dever ser sempre lembrado devido aos abusos cometidos por oficiais contra conscritos no front, e para outros deve ser esquecido para evitar discursos que deslegitimam a guerra. Palavras-chave: &nbsp;Construções de memórias. Guerra das Malvinas. Ditadura Militar argentina. &nbsp; [1] Texto proveniente da tese: “Trinta e três anos de guerra: Malvinas e o embate entre intelectuais, veteranos, familiares de caídos e narrativas fílmicas no campo da construção de memórias (1982-2015)”. (2016). Repositório da Universidade de Brasília (UNB) sem registro

123I-rose bengal ニヨル カン タンドウ シンチグラフィー ニ カンスル キソテキ ケンキュウ

Growth and microstructure of ternary Ti3SiC2 compound layers on 4H-SiC, which play am important role in formation of TiAl-based ohmic contacts to p-type SiC, were investigated in this study. The Ti3SiC2 layer was fabricated by deposition of Ti/Al contacts (where a slash “/” indicates the deposition sequence) on the 4H-SiC(0001) substrate and subsequent rapid thermal anneal at 1000°C in ultra high vacuum. After annealing, reaction products and microstructure of the Ti3SiC2 layer were investigated by X ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy observations in order to understand the growth processes of the Ti3SiC2 layer and determination of the Ti3SiC2/4H-SiC interface structure. The Ti3SiC2 layers with hexagonal plate shape were observed to grow epitaxially on the SiC(0001) surface by anisotropic lateral growth process. The interface was found to have a hetero-epitaxial orientation relationship of (0001)TSC||(0001)S and [0bar110]TSC||[0bar110]S where TSC and S represent Ti3SiC2 and 4H-SiC, respectively, and have well-defined ledge-terrace structures with low density of misfit dislocations due to an extremely low lattice mismatch of 0.4% between Ti3SiC2 and 4H-SiC