GLCM-based chi-square histogram distance for automatic detection of defects on patterned textures

Chi-square histogram distance is one of the distance measures that can be used to find dissimilarity between two histograms. Motivated by the fact that texture discrimination by human vision system is based on second-order statistics, we make use of histogram of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) that is based on second-order statistics and propose a new machine vision algorithm for automatic defect detection on patterned textures. Input defective images are split into several periodic blocks and GLCMs are computed after quantizing the gray levels from 0-255 to 0-63 to keep the size of GLCM compact and to reduce computation time. Dissimilarity matrix derived from chi-square distances of the GLCMs is subjected to hierarchical clustering to automatically identify defective and defect-free blocks. Effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiments on defective real-fabric images of 2 major wallpaper groups (pmm and p4m groups).Comment: IJCVR, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2011, pp. 302-31

Similarity Measures for Automatic Defect Detection on Patterned Textures

Similarity measures are widely used in various applications such as information retrieval, image and object recognition, text retrieval, and web data search. In this paper, we propose similarity-based methods for defect detection on patterned textures using five different similarity measures, viz., Normalized Histogram Intersection Coefficient, Bhattacharyya Coefficient, Pearson Product-moment Correlation Coefficient, Jaccard Coefficient and Cosine-angle Coefficient. Periodic blocks are extracted from each input defective image and similarity matrix is obtained based on the similarity coefficient of histogram of each periodic block with respect to itself and other all periodic blocks. Each similarity matrix is transformed into dissimilarity matrix containing true-distance metrics and Ward’s hierarchical clustering is performed to discern between defective and defect-free blocks. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated for each similarity measure based on precision, recall and accuracy for various real fabric images with defects such as broken end, hole, thin bar, thick bar, netting multiple, knot, and missing pick

Vascular injuries associated with total knee arthroplasty

Iatrogenic vascular injuries are rare but potentially devastating complications of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This retrospective study analyzes vascular injuries associated with total knee arthroplasties in an urban, tertiary level referral hospital between 01 April 2010 to 31 March 2020 consisting of 6548 TKAs. Six patients sustained vascular injuries which included five primary, and one revision TKAs. Three patients were bilateral, and two were unilateral primary TKAs. The mean age-adjusted Charlson’s comorbidity index was two (range 1-3). Only two injuries were recognized intraoperatively. They underwent successful vascular repair. The third patient was diagnosed and underwent a vascular repair on the first postoperative day but experienced a permanent foot drop. Two other patients underwent thrombectomy on the fifth postoperative day; one required above-knee amputation, and the other continued to suffer from vascular claudication and paraesthesia. Another patient developed a pseudoaneurysm, which was identified and repaired five months after the primary TKA. The site of vascular injury was popliteal artery in five and superficial femoral artery in one patient. The mechanism of injury was a direct laceration in three, posterior Hohman's retractor in one, the effect of tourniquet on calcified vessels in one, and unknown in one patient. Early recognition was the only factor that significantly altered the functional outcome and limb salvage. Bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasties had no higher risks. A mandatory institutional protocol to recognize the early signs of vascular injuries is necessary for successful vascular repair

Energy aware power save mode management in wireless mesh networks

In recent times Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) have evolved as powerful networks for most commercial applications. Many contributions have been made to enhance the performance of WMN of which the enhancement of the network lifetime remains as one of the challenging area for research. IEEE standard proposed an amendment which introduced Power Save Mode (PSM) in order to increase the lifetime of WMN. It has three modes such as Active, Light Sleep and Deep Sleep. There exist a lot of literature on increasing energy efficiency by keeping node in Deep Sleep mode when it is not involved in transmission. But current Power Save Mode has some deficiency in low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). This paper presents Energy Aware Power Save Mode (EAPSM) which attempt to overcome the deficiency of low PDR by triggering PSM. EAPSM consist of three modules namely, remaining energy calculator, transmission mode identifier and PSM scheduler. EAPSM schedules PSM based on the constraints such as remaining energy of a node and its participation in transmission. The proposed method includes mathematical model and algorithms which gives improved performance over conventional PSM

Recent Gene Therapy Advancements for Neurological Diseases

The past few years have seen rapid advancements in vector-mediated gene transfer to the nervous system and modest successes in human gene therapy trials. The purpose of this review is to describe commonly-used viral gene transfer vectors and recent advancements towards producing meaningful gene-based treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Gene therapy trials for Canavan disease, Batten disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, and Parkinson’s disease are discussed to illustrate the current state of clinical gene transfer to the CNS. Preclinical studies are under way for a number of diseases, primarily lysosomal storage disorders, using a newer generation of vectors and delivery strategies. Relevant studies in animal models are highlighted for Mucopolysaccharidosis IIB and Krabbe disease to provide a prelude for what can be expected in the coming years for human gene transfer trials, using recent advancements in gene transfer technology. In conclusion, recent improvements in CNS gene transfer technology are expected to significantly increase the degree of disease rescue in future CNS-directed clinical trials, exceeding the modest clinical successes that have been observed so far

Minimum battery draining rate aware optimized link state routing in wireless mesh network

Wireless mesh network is a flexible, low cost and multi-purpose networking platform with wired infrastructure connected to the internet. In WMN nodes often have a limited battery supply to use for the sending and reception of transmissions. Routing protocols over WMN are an important issue and many proposals have been addressed to efficiently manage topology information, to offer network scalability and to prolong network lifetime. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) is a proactive type of routing which presents the advantage of finding a route between two nodes in the network in a very short time. It can consume lot of energy resources in selecting the Multi-point Relays (MPRs) and exchanging Topology Control information. To overcome this, we present a mechanisms for the OLSR routing protocol to improve its energy performance in Wireless Mesh Networks. We propose a Minimum Battery Draining Rate Aware (MDRA-OLSR) algorithm which utilizes the information collected by OLSR at every node in providing better network connectivity. We propose a modification in the MPR selection mechanism of OLSR protocol, based on the Willingness concept, in order to increase the network lifetime without losses of performance such as PDR, throughput etc. We consider both available energy and battery draining rate metric as a key criteria to select MPR in a set of MPRs. A comparison of an OLSR and MDRA-OLSR protocol is performed. The experiments are simulated using NS3 simulator by considering various situations such as changing speed of nodes, data rate and packet size by keeping the nodes position static and moving nodes dynamically. In this paper, we present the related works on utilization of energy as metric in routing, proposed model, simulation and discussions of the model in Wireless Mesh Networks

Remote monitoring and discrete data capture of joint pain and other parameters via the NokiaN900 device: Enhancing patient/physician interaction

The new generation cellular phones have multi-functional capabilities such as imaging, video, audio recording and messaging in addition to providing internet access. In this paper we present an innovative application in the field of remote health monitoring using N900 Nokia tablet, which will serve as a communicating device between the patient and healthcare providers like doctors and nurses. Patients with arthritis require regular objective monitoring of their affected joints by healthcare providers requiring that patients report their subjective pain levels to their physicians. The application has a patient's module allowing the patient to select their pain level on a sliding scale from a graphical representation of various human joints and send this as an SMS to the doctor. The healthcare providers can review the pain level, save it to a database and make an informed decision about possible recommendations based on the data received via SMS. The doctor's module allows the doctor to capture all the attributes of an affected joint discretely using the graphical representation of the joints and associated dialog boxes. The complete Graphical User Interface (GUI) development and data base design are discussed and test cases are presented. We plan to evaluate the application in a real healthcare environment for usability, its role in improving patient satisfaction and health outcomes

Effect of band offset on carrier transport and infrared detection in InP quantum dots/Si nano-heterojunction grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique

Epitaxy of III-V semiconductors on Si gets recent interest for next generation system on heterogeneous chip on wafer. The understanding of band offset is thus necessary for describing the charge transport phenomenon in these heterojunctions. In this work, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy has been used to determine the band offsets in a heterojunction made of InP quantum dots on Si. The valence and conduction band offset was found to be 0.12 eV and 0.35 eV, respectively, with a type-II band lineup. Deviation from theoretical prediction and previously published reports on quasi similar systems have been found and analyzed on the basis of the effect of strain, surface energy, shift in the electrostatic dipole and charge transfer at the interface. The carrier transport mechanisms along with different device parameters in the heterojunction have been studied for a temperature range of 180–300 K. This heterojunction is found to behave as an efficient infrared photodetector with an ON/OFF ratio of 21 at a reverse bias of 2V. The corresponding rise and decay time was found to be 132 ms and 147 ms, respectively