A modified fifth-order WENO scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws

This paper deals with a new fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme improving the WENO-NS and WENO-P methods which are introduced in Ha et al. J. Comput. Phys. (2013) and Kim et al., J. Sci. Comput. (2016) respectively. These two schemes provide the fifth-order accuracy at the critical points where the first derivatives vanish but the second derivatives are non-zero. In this paper, we have presented a scheme by defining a new global-smoothness indicator which shows an improved behavior over the solution to the WENO-NS and WENO-P schemes and the proposed scheme attains optimal approximation order, even at the critical points where the first and second derivatives vanish but the third derivatives are non-zero.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figure

Median Lethal Concentrations (LC50) of Chlorantraniliprole and Its Effects on Behavioral Changes

The aim of the present study was to determine the acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole insecticide to the fresh water fish Labeo rohita. Environmental protection has attracted the attention of the wide cross-section of people all over the world which has now become a global issue amongst scientists and researchers working in this area. Experimental fish were exposed to different concentrations of chlorantraniliprole between range 0, 1, 2,34,5,6,8,10,12 and 13mg/L-1) for 96 hrs in test container. The 96hrs LC50 value of chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) on the fish was found to be 12.7mg/L-1. The variation in the LC values is due to its dependence upon various factors viz., sensitivity to the toxicant, its concentration and duration of exposure. Further study needs the processes by which these chemicals affect physiology and pathological changes and of fish and their bio-concentration and bio- accumulation in fish tissues.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v2i4.420

Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation of Pedestrian Level of Service at Signalized Intersections

Pedestrians form the largest single road user group and also are the most vulnerable road users. Pedestrian’s movements are not restricted to lanes or specific routes however they are restricted by the physical boundaries around them such as the presence of walkways or pedestrian ways. The main objective of this study is to identify the various factors affecting pedestrian level of service (PLOS) at signalized intersections and to propose a suitable methodology for estimation of pedestrian level of service. The study carried out to develop a model for pedestrian level of service of signalized intersections in Vijayawada city and Bhubaneswar city based on pedestrian’s perception on safety and comfort. The main factors considered for the development of the model were through traffic, left turning traffic, right turning traffic, number of pedestrians, number of lanes and pedestrian delay. Pedestrian delay was one of the key performance indicators for pedestrian level of service. Total twelve crosswalks from two cities were considered for study purpose. Video graphic method was used for collection of field data. Questionnaire survey was conducted to know the perceived level of service of pedestrians. The various factors required to develop the model extracted from video graphic data. Pearson correlation analysis was done to identify the various significant factors influencing pedestrian level of service. By considering perceived LOS as dependent variable and significant factors as independent variables stepwise regression analysis was done to develop a model which suitable for urban Indian conditions. The study revealed that various factors affecting level of service under heterogeneous traffic condition were turning traffic, through traffic, number of lanes, and number of pedestrian and pedestrian delay

GREEN SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTHELMINTHIC ACTIVITY OF NEWER QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING ACRIDINE MOIETY

  Objectives: Synthesis of newer 3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-9-(2-chloro-6-substituted-quinolin-3-yl)-acridine-1,8(2H,5H,9H,10H)-diones were synthesized by reacting 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione with substituted 2-chloro-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde in presence of ammonium acetate.Methods: Synthesis was carried out by microwave irradiation method and the synthesized compounds have been characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and further supported by mass spectroscopy. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and high-performance liquid chromatography technique. All the synthesized compounds were tested for antibacterial and anthelminthic activities.Results: The results were revealed that the compounds AQ-4 and AQ-5 have showed good activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds AQ-4 and AQ-5 showed moderate activity against all the organisms. However, all the derivatives have shown less antibacterial activity when compared to the standard drug amikacin. The compounds AQ-3 and AQ-5 showed good anthelminthic activity and compounds AQ-9 and AQ-10 showed moderate anthelminthic activity. However, all the compounds have shown less anthelmintic activity when compared to the standard drug albendazole.Conclusion: The study reveals that compounds containing quinoline derivatives with acridine moiety shown the antibacterial activity against the pathogens Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These derivatives also possess the good anthelmintic activity. The above green synthesis technique could be a right solution for industrial applications in the future and therapeutic needs

Architecture for Fault Tolerance in Mobile Cloud Computing using Disease Resistance Approach

The mobile cloud computing (MCC) is one of the emerging fields in the distributed computing. MCC is an integration of both mobile computing and cloud computing. The limitations of the mobile devices are storage, battery and processing proficiency.These sensitive characteristics of mobile devices can be effectively handled with the introduction of cloud computing. The increasing functionality of the cloud and complexity of the applications causes resource failures in the cloud computing and it reduces the overall performance of the MCC environment. On the other hand, the existing approaches for resource scheduling in MCC proposed several architectures and they are only concentrated on the allocation of resources. The existing architectures are lack of fault tolerance mechanism to handle the faulty resources. To overcome the issues stated above, this paper proposes architecture for fault tolerance in MCC using Disease Resistance approach (DRFT). The main aim of the DRFT approach is to effectively handle the faultyVMs in the MCC. This DRFT approach utilizes the human disease resistance mechanism which is used as materials and methods in the proposed model. The DRFT is capable of identifying the faulty virtual machines and reschedules the tasks to the identified suitable virtual machines. This procedure ultimately leads to minimization of makespan value and it improves the overall performance of the scheduling process. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a series of simulations has been carried out using CloudSim simulator. The performance of the proposed DRFT approach is compared with the Dynamic group based fault tolerance approach (DGFT-approach). The makespan value of DRFT is reduced to 7% and the performance of DRFT is increased when compare to the DGFT approach. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach

Some fixed point results using (ψ, φ)-generalized almost weakly contractive maps in S-metric spaces

In this paper, we define  $(\psi,\phi)$- generalized almost  weakly contractive maps in S-metric spaces and prove an existence and uniqueness of a fixed point to such maps. We also given an example to support of our result

Petroleum Degradation: Promising Biotechnological Tools for Bioremediation

One of the most common chemicals involved in the soil contamination or soil pollution is petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs). As we know that PH-contaminated soil affects human health directly, such as (i) contact with soil, (ii) via inhalation of vaporized contaminants, and (iii) infiltration of soil contamination into groundwater aquifers used for human consumption. Microbiological processes play an important role in the removal of PHs and take advantage of the catabolic versatility of these organisms to degrade such compounds either partially or completely (mineralization). Thus, the present chapter moves around the relationship of microorganisms with PHs. Based on this concept, this chapter has been designed to address the following relevant issues: How to isolate PH-degrading microorganisms by co-enrichment and optimized enrichment methods? How to study the microbial community structure by high-throughput sequencing method? What are the metabolic versatilities of microorganisms for degrading PHs? How to treat the environmental problems through biological means? What are the available ecotoxicity studies for the analysis of residual PHs after the microbiological treatment at the PHs-contaminated sites? Thus, the aim of this chapter is to explain the importance of microorganisms in cleaning the oil-contaminated environments

An Analysis of the Requirement for Energy Management Systems in India for Electric Vehicles

Conventional fuels used in combustion engines are the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions, which affect the environment. If energy is available from renewable sources compared to conventional sources, electric vehicles (EVs) offer efficient and cost-effective solutions to the above issue. However, EVs employ batteries for energy storage, which presents a number of issues. For example, overheating produced by chemical reactions during the charging and discharging process in high temperatures can result in the battery's fatal destruction. Hence, an effective energy management system (EMS) is in need of the technology required for the accomplishment of EVs in the long term. Monitoring and optimizing electricity use is the aim of energy management, which aims to cut costs and emissions without interfering with operations. When lifetime CO2 emissions are taken into consideration, EVs will be far more environmentally friendly than regular fuel vehicles because of the incorporation of sustainable power. Distributed solar energy will help reduce the distribution and transmission losses, which will further lower the lifetime CO2 emissions and operating costs of EVs and hasten their commercial viability. This paper presents a review of energy management challenges and their necessity. EV energy management is very important as it helps to minimize EV charging costs

Newton’s Law of Gravitational Force (NLGF) based Machine Learning Technique for Uneven Illuminated Face Detection

A photo gallery is crucial for organizing your photos, presenting them in beautiful categories, and doing sophisticated memory searches. The photo gallery is portrayed in a vocabulary of nonlinear similarities to the prototype face image collection. One of the difficult research ideas for machine learning technologies is the maintenance of a photo gallery using facial recognition. Based on changes in the faces' appearance, faces are identified. This research proposes novel machine learning algorithms to recognize faces by characterizing the majority of discriminating local characteristics, which maximizes the dissimilarity between face photos of different persons and reduces the dissimilarity between features between face images of the same person. This method relies on Newton's third law of gravitational force to determine the relationship between pixels to extract the features of noisy accurately and efficiently, unevenly illuminated, and rotationally invariant face images