Learning Graph Embeddings for Open World Compositional Zero-Shot Learning

Compositional Zero-Shot learning (CZSL) aims to recognize unseen compositions of state and object visual primitives seen during training. A problem with standard CZSL is the assumption of knowing which unseen compositions will be available at test time. In this work, we overcome this assumption operating on the open world setting, where no limit is imposed on the compositional space at test time, and the search space contains a large number of unseen compositions. To address this problem, we propose a new approach, Compositional Cosine Graph Embeddings (Co-CGE), based on two principles. First, Co-CGE models the dependency between states, objects and their compositions through a graph convolutional neural network. The graph propagates information from seen to unseen concepts, improving their representations. Second, since not all unseen compositions are equally feasible, and less feasible ones may damage the learned representations, Co-CGE estimates a feasibility score for each unseen composition, using the scores as margins in a cosine similarity-based loss and as weights in the adjacency matrix of the graphs. Experiments show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performances in standard CZSL while outperforming previous methods in the open world scenario

Hemp: An Alternative Source for Various Industries and an Emerging Tool for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Sectors

Hemp is a high-value crop that originated in Central Asia and is a historic but emerging cultivated plant. It may be grown for fiber, food, paper making, textiles, and therapeutic reasons. In the 21st century, market interest in hemp and its products has notably increased because seed portions can be utilized in the agri-food business, the woody component of the stem can be used in green buildings, the outer layer of the stems can be used in the textile industry, and the extraction of bioactive components from roots can play a vital role in the pharmacological industries. Hemp has recently been demonstrated to be a viable alternative for economies built on synthetic materials by the food, pharmaceutical, textiles, paper, building, and energy industries, among others. As a result, the goal of this study is to assemble the significant advancements in hemp, as well as to identify research gaps and research direction opportunities. The hemp plant will be provided more encouragement to be grown and be used. Many applications of hemp may be pushed to the next level for both producing a green environment and profit. A strong vision and a well-defined plan will pave the path for the discovery of new technologies and concepts

The Jurisprudence of the Court of Cassation in Jordan: Interpreting Judicial Decisions and Case Law

In this paper, we study the role of case law as a source for legal rules, particularly in cases of ambiguity or deficiency of legislative provisions. The Jordanian Court of Cassations use of discretion to interpret or complete provisions in various cases serves as the focus of this study. Three topics are addressed: deducting blood-money from the compensation amount, nullification of a real estate sale contract after fifteen years and granting compensation for moral damage in cases of contractual liability

The main phenolic compounds responsible for the antioxidant capacity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) pulp

The antioxidant capacity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) pulp extracts is strictly related to the phenolic content, starting from the fact that the higher content of phenolic compounds corresponds to the higher antioxidant indexes. This work aims to assess which compounds characterized three cultivars, namely Ferrovia, Sweetheart, and Lapins grown in Southern Italy and mainly influenced the antioxidant capacity of their extracts. HPLC–MS/MS analyses were conducted to identify and quantify 17 flavonoids and 25 hydroxicinnamates derivatives. A significant influence of cultivar was revealed from one-way MANOVA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the extracts were tested for their radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) and reducing power using the Folin–Ciocalteau method. Lapins and Sweetheart extracts, richer in phenolic compounds, returned the highest reducing power and radical scavenging capacity. Finally, a Factorial Analysis was applied to the collected data allowing reliable correlations between phenolics and antioxidant indexes

Heterostructured materials by severe plastic deformation: Overview and perspectives

Heterostructured materials (HSMs) constitute heterogeneously distributed soft and hard zones with a mismatch in mechanical or physical properties of at least 100% between them. A synergistic effect resulting from the interactive coupling between the heterogeneous zones surpasses the properties predicted by the rule of mixtures. Therefore, the mechanical or physical properties of HSMs are not achievable by their homogeneous counterparts. HSM production commonly requires plastic deformation to refine the microstructure and subsequent partial recrystallization heat-treatments to obtain heterogeneous distributions of grain size, texture, or defect density. Other routes are by applying surface plastic deformation or by stacking layers with a high property mismatch between them. All of those routes can be achieved by severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques. This overview focuses on describing the fundamentals of HSMs produced by SPD. A critical description of the physics of SPD and HSMs, as well as the factors influencing their microstructural evolution, perspectives, and outstanding issues, are included. A critical comparison of the strength–ductility relationship in HSMs produced by different SPD techniques is also included to guide upcoming research. This overview is intended to serve as a basis for understanding and designing future HSMs produced by SPD

Ageing is associated with a decline in peripheral blood CD56(bright )NK cells

BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that lack CD3 and express variable levels of CD16, CD56 and CD57. In recent years NK cells have been categorised into two major groups based on the level of CD56 expression. This phenotypic classification correlates with functional activity as CD56(bright )NK cells are the major cytokine producing subset whereas CD56(dim )NK cells exhibit greater cytotoxic activity. Previous studies have revealed a reduction in total NK cell numbers in association with ageing and this study sought to determine the potential influence of ageing on the number of NK cell subsets within peripheral blood. RESULTS: The number of NK (CD56(+)CD3(-)) cells within peripheral blood did not change with increasing age. The number of CD56(dim )NK cells also remained stable with ageing. In contrast the absolute number of CD56(bright )NK cells within peripheral blood declined by 48% with ageing from a mean of 15.6/μl in individuals aged 20–40 years to 8.1/μl in those aged 60+ years (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: The number of CD56(bright )NK cells within peripheral blood declines with age. As this population plays a central role in cytokine secretion during the innate immune response this decline may contribute to impaired immune regulation in elderly individual

Effect of Reducing Atmosphere on the Magnetism of Zn1-xCoxO Nanoparticles

We report the crystal structure and magnetic properties of Zn1-xCoxO nanoparticles synthesized by heating metal acetates in organic solvent. The nanoparticles were crystallized in wurtzite ZnO structure after annealing in air and in a forming gas (Ar95%+H5%). The X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) data for different Co content show clear evidence for the Co+2 ions in tetrahedral symmetry, indicating the substitution of Co+2 in ZnO lattice. However samples with x=0.08 and higher cobalt content also indicate the presence of Co metal clusters. Only those samples annealed in the reducing atmosphere of the forming gas, and that showed the presence of oxygen vacancies, exhibited ferromagnetism at room temperature. The air annealed samples remained non-magnetic down to 77K. The essential ingredient in achieving room temperature ferromagnetism in these Zn1-xCoxO nanoparticles was found to be the presence of additional carriers generated by the presence of the oxygen vacancies.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Nanotechnology IO