The Impacts of Microfinance on Women Entrepreneurs “A Case Study of District Quetta, Pakistan”

The main objective of this study is to find out whether the provision of microfinance services by BRAC, Pakistan at district Quetta Urban area has brought out any changes in women micro-entrepreneur. The cross sectional design using household as the unit of assessment was selected for the present study, the primary data was collected through structured questionnaires covered one group of 60 female from present beneficiaries or former beneficiaries who have already received loan from the BRAC, Pakistan at district Quetta for at least two years before 1st October, 2011 the date on which face to face interviews of clients were conducted and another group of 20 female consisting of new clients/ non-beneficiaries who have with the microfinance programs for maximum period of two to three months duration were used as control group using cluster random samples.From the analyzed data it was infer that microfinance was helpful in empowering female entrepreneurs socially as well as economically in urban area of Quetta district. Keywords: Microcredit, Microfinance, Microfinance Institutions, Microenterprise, Micro- entrepreneur

P2PEdge : A Decentralised, Scalable P2P Architecture for Energy Trading in Real-Time

Author Contributions: Conceptualization, J.K., D.H.-S., R.N.A., B.S. and K.M.; Formal analysis, J.K., D.H.-S. and B.S.; Investigation, J.K.; Methodology, J.K.; Project administration, K.M.; Supervision, K.M. and D.H.-S.; Validation, J.K. and D.H.-S.; Visualization, J.K.; Writing—original draft, J.K.; Writing—review & editing, J.K., K.M., D.H.-S., R.N.A. and B.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

What matters when examining the performance of salespersons? Analyzing the boundary conditions of personal dispositional factor

PurposeThis study intended to examine the effect of developmental and evaluative purposes of performance appraisal (PA) on job meaningfulness (JM). Furthermore, the study also aimed to assess the moderating effect of personal dispositional factors, that is, internal and external loci of control between developmental and evaluative PA and JM.Design/Methodology/ApproachA total of 295 questionnaires were received from salespersons working in national and multinational pharmaceutical companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were gathered using a time lag study design using a convenience sampling technique. Data collected via questionnaires were analyzed using PLS-SEM to assess measurement and structural models for testing hypotheses.FindingsResults revealed that developmental PA significantly influenced JM, while evaluative PA failed to influence JM. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect of the external locus of control (ELOC) on the relationship between developmental PA and JM, while the rest of moderating hypotheses failed to influence the relationship of developmental and evaluative PA with JM.Practical implicationsThe results can be used as a building block in order to bring positive work outcomes in the form of meaningful work. Organizations should use their PA as a development tool, instead of instrumental or evaluative PA, for making the work more meaningful to the employees.Originality/ValueThe extant literature is limited in terms of assessing the dimensions of PA (developmental and evaluative) in predicting workplace outcomes. Also, examinations of multidimensions of the locus of control are limited in the existing literature between HR practices and work outcomes. The current study has filled these gaps in the contemporary literature

Constant single valued neutrosophic graphs with applications

In this paper, we introduced a new concept of single valued neutrosophic graph (SVNG) known as constant single valued neutrosophic graph (CSVNG). Basically, SVNG is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy graph (IFG). More specifically, we described and explored somegraph theoretic ideas related to the introduced concepts of CSVNG. An application of CSVNG in a Wi-Fi network system is discussed and a comparison of CSVNG with constant IFG is established showing the worth of the proposed work. Further, several terms like constant function and totally constant function are investigated in the frame-work of CSVNG and their characteristics are studied

A Systematic and Comprehensive Survey of Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection Systems Using Machine Learning: Deep Learning, Datasets, and Attack Taxonomy

Recently, intrusion detection systems (IDS) have become an essential part of most organisations’ security architecture due to the rise in frequency and severity of network attacks. To identify a security breach, the target machine or network must be watched and analysed for signs of an intrusion. It is defined as efforts to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of a computer or network or to circumvent its security mechanisms. Several IDS have been proposed in the literature to efficiently detect such attempts exploiting different characteristics of cyberattacks. These systems can provide with timely sensing the network intrusions and, subsequently, notifying the manager or the responsible person in an organisation. Important actions are then carried out to reduce the degree of damage caused by the intrusion. Organisations use such techniques to defend their systems from the network disconnectivity and increase reliance on the information systems by employing intrusion detection. This paper presents a detailed summary of recent advances in IDS from the literature. Nevertheless, a review of future research directions for detecting malicious operations and launching different attacks on systems is discussed and highlighted. Furthermore, this study presents detailed description of well-known publicly available datasets and a variety of strategies developed for dealing with intrusions

Constant single valued neutrosophic graphs with applications

In this paper, we introduced a new concept of single valued neutrosophic graph (SVNG) known as constant single valued neutrosophic graph (CSVNG). Basically, SVNG is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy graph (IFG). More specifically, we described and explored somegraph theoretic ideas related to the introduced concepts of CSVNG. An application of CSVNG in a Wi-Fi network system is discussed and a comparison of CSVNG with constant IFG is established showing the worth of the proposed work. Further, several terms like constant function and totally constant function are investigated in the frame-work of CSVNG and their characteristics are studied