EXPLORATION OF IN VIVO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF 50% ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SESAMUM INDICUM L. SEED AGAINST HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED RATS

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo antioxidant potential of 50% ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum against high-fat diet-induced rats. Methods: Animals were treated with plant extract for 30 d, and a high-fat diet was given to all groups except plain control, throughout, out the study. And alpha-tocopherol acetate (Vit, E) was used as standard. Pre-treatment with 16 mg/100 gm of body weight of 50% ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum improved the Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation levels significantly as compared to control group. Results: The present studies revealed that Sesamum indicum has significant in vivo antioxidant activity and can be used to protect tissue from oxidative stress. The result showed that the activities of SOD, catalase, lipid peroxidase, and glutathione, in the group treated with high-fat diet declined significantly than that of normal group. Conclusion: 50% ethanolic extract of in the dose of Sesamum indicum 16 mg/100 gm of body weight, has improved the SOD, catalase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidase levels significantly, which were comparable with high-fat-diet-induced rats. Based on this study we conclude that the 50% ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum possesses in vivo antioxidant activity and can be employed in protecting tissue from oxidative stress

Phytochemistry and Medicinal Importance of Honey - A Review

Honey is the God gift to human being and has been successfully used for medicinal purpose since antiquity. The medicinal and nutritional properties of honey depend on its chemical constituents. Although the chief constituents are sugars and water, but the presence of other composition as Carbohydrate, Proteins, Vitamins as well as minerals make it very beneficial for nutritional, preservative and therapeutic properties as well. Pharmacological profile of honey is quite large as being having anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune modulator and anti-cancerous activities as revealed by various studies. Present paper provides a brief review of Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of honey

A short review and study on antimicrobial activity of Unani drug - Ushba (Smilax ornata)

The study was planned to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Alcoholic and Aqueous extract of Smilax ornata, and brief information about this medicinal herb was also reviewed. Result was compared statistically and it showed significant p<0.001antimicrobial as compared to control (Plain water) and standard Ciprofloxacin (for gram positive strains) and gentamicin (for gram negative strains). Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Smilax ornata, Extract, Strai

Electrochemical Measurement of Annealed and Normalized Mild Steel in the Presence of Lime of Milk Solution

Mild steel have been widely used in production industries, particularly in engineering structure. This is because of its economical cost and easy formation. Various microstructures have a different performance with environmental effect. In this paper the electrochemical properties of various microstructure of mild steel in lime of milk solution Ca(OH)2 has reported. Different grain sizes were obtained by heat treatment, and the Jeffries Planimetric method was applied to measure the average grain diameter. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was applied to study the surface characteristics, with addition of chemical composition by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical behavior of mild steel was investigated at ambient temperature using potentiodynamic polarization. The result shows that lower grain size has a higher corrosion resistance as compared with higher grain size

Improvement in physical properties of eroded agricultural soils through agronomic management practices

Arable land in Pakistan is shrinking due to construction of houses and development of infrastructure, there has been a trend of shifting agriculture towards steep lands in order to feed the increasing population. Soil erosion on these lands is one of the most significant ecological restrictions to sustainable agriculture. A study was conducted during 2006-2008 to test the agronomic management practices for mitigating the adverse effects of soil erosion on arable soil. The experiment was designed in RCB with split plot arrangements. Cropping patterns, i e maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-maize (C1), maize-lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.)-maize (C2) and maizewheat+ lentil intercrop-maize (C3) were kept in main plots while fertilizer treatments; the control (T1), 50% NP also called farmers' practice (T2), 100% NPK or the recommended dose (T3) and 20 tonnes/ha farmyard manure integrated with 50% mineral N and 100% P and K (T4) were kept in sub-plots. Fertilizer treatments significantly improved soil physical properties in both depths. T4 showed the maximum improvement (13, 12, 22 and 31%) in bulk density, porosity, saturation and available water over the control and 3, 3, 8 and 7% over the T3 in surface soil. Cereal-legume rotation showed the maximum improvement while significant improvement in soil physical properties was noted with time, i e from kharif 2006 to rabi 2007. Highly significant negative correlation was observed between bulk density and saturation percentage (r2=0.97) and bulk density and AWHC (r2=0.93). It was concluded that NPK fertilizer alone cannot restore the physical environment of eroded soil to its maximum limit, but this objective could, rather, be achieved through mixed application of farmyard manure and mineral fertilizers. For this purpose, being an unstable nutrient element, recommended dose of mineral N must be reduced by 50% to avoid its over-application. In addition to other benefits of legumes in rotation, its improvement of physical properties further assert their importance in farming on such eroded lands

Ebola, the Negative Stranded RNA Virus

Ebola virus (EBV) is a deadly virus that has resulted in a number of deaths during its outbreaks in Africa in 2014–2016 and 2018–2019. This virus causes a hemorrhagic fever like other pathogenic viruses of the Filoviridae family with high mortality rate. The exact reservoir of the ebola virus is not known, but different mammal groups are the source from which it is transferred to the human population. The transmission among the human population is through body fluids of patients and also through aersol droplets in the air. The role of different glycoproteins in the budding formation has helped a lot in understanding the physiology of the ebola virus. Most of these viral glycoproteins synthesis and the replication enzymes offer a good inhibitory target for drug design against the ebola virus. Recently, different groups have claimed the development of a successful vaccine for the ebola virus. However, the availability of the vaccines to the poor population of Africa and other parts of the world is still not practical

Seismic damage mechanism of weak beam-column joint frames

The use of old building design codes and improper execution of recent seismic design practices resulted in substandard and vulnerable reinforced concrete building stock, the majority of which is built with weak beam-column joint connections (i.e. joint panels having no transverse reinforcement and built in low strength concrete). In order to understand the seismic response and damage behavior of recent special moment resisting frame (SMRF) structures with the defect of weak beam-column joints, shake table tests were performed on two 1:3 reduced scale two storey and one bay RC frame models. Reference code design and weak beam-column joint frame models were subjected to unidirectional dynamic excitation of increasing intensities using the natural record of 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The input scaled excitation were applied from 5 % to 130 % of the maximum input peak ground acceleration record, to force the test models from elastic to inelastic stage and then to fully plastic incipient collapse stage. The weak beam-column frame experienced flexural cracking of the columns, longitudinal bar-slip in beam members, cover concrete spalling and severe damageability of the joint panels under multiple dynamic excitations. The deficient frame was able to resist only 40 % of the maximum acceleration record as compared to the code design frame, which was able to resist up to130 %. Based on the experimental observations, a drift-based damage scale was developed for different performance limits states that can be employed for the global performance assessment of deficient weak beam-column joint RC frames