The V3, V4 and V6 bands of formaldehyde: A spectral catalog from 900 cm(-1) to 1580 cm(-1)

The results of a complete high resolution study of the three vibration-rotation bands v sub 3, v sub 4, and V sub 6 using both TDLs and FT-IR spectroscopy are presented. The reults are given in terms of a table of over 8000 predicted transition frequencies and strengths. A plot of the predicted and calculated spectra is shown. Over 3000 transitions were assigned and used in the simultaneous analysis of the three bands. The simultaneous fit permitted a rigorous study of Coriolis and other type iterations among bands yielding improved molecular constants. Line intensities of 28 transitions measured by a TDL and 20 transitions from FTS data were used, along with the eigenvectors from the frequency fitting, in a least squares analysis to evaluate the band strengths

Chromosomes of the Asian flying squirrel Petaurista petaurista (Pallas)

Хромосомы были изучаны летаги Petaurista petaurista из Ингии; диплоидное число (2 n ) было 38 и число аутосом плечи (NF) было 72. Родство между хромосомами рода Petaurista и рода Glaucomys подсемейства Petauristinae, и Между Petaurista и Sciurus (подсемейство Sciurinae) было описывано. Находка, что диплондное число Petauristia было 38, оказывала понятие, что родовые Sciuridae обладали 2 n =38–40.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42484/1/18_2005_Article_BF02286944.pd

Spinoza

"Spinoza", second edition. Encyclopedia entry for the Springer Encyclopedia of EM Phil and the Sciences, ed. D. Jalobeanu and C. T. Wolfe

Variable-free exploration of stochastic models: a gene regulatory network example

Finding coarse-grained, low-dimensional descriptions is an important task in the analysis of complex, stochastic models of gene regulatory networks. This task involves (a) identifying observables that best describe the state of these complex systems and (b) characterizing the dynamics of the observables. In a previous paper [13], we assumed that good observables were known a priori, and presented an equation-free approach to approximate coarse-grained quantities (i.e, effective drift and diffusion coefficients) that characterize the long-time behavior of the observables. Here we use diffusion maps [9] to extract appropriate observables ("reduction coordinates") in an automated fashion; these involve the leading eigenvectors of a weighted Laplacian on a graph constructed from network simulation data. We present lifting and restriction procedures for translating between physical variables and these data-based observables. These procedures allow us to perform equation-free coarse-grained, computations characterizing the long-term dynamics through the design and processing of short bursts of stochastic simulation initialized at appropriate values of the data-based observables.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure

Violating conformal invariance: Two-dimensional clusters grafted to wedges, cones, and branch points of Riemann surfaces

We present simulations of 2-d site animals on square and triangular lattices in non-trivial geomeLattice animals are one of the few critical models in statistical mechanics violating conformal invariance. We present here simulations of 2-d site animals on square and triangular lattices in non-trivial geometries. The simulations are done with the newly developed PERM algorithm which gives very precise estimates of the partition sum, yielding precise values for the entropic exponent $\theta$ ($Z_N \sim \mu^N N^{-\theta}$). In particular, we studied animals grafted to the tips of wedges with a wide range of angles $\alpha$, to the tips of cones (wedges with the sides glued together), and to branching points of Riemann surfaces. The latter can either have $k$ sheets and no boundary, generalizing in this way cones to angles $\alpha > 360$ degrees, or can have boundaries, generalizing wedges. We find conformal invariance behavior, $\theta \sim 1/\alpha$, only for small angles ($\alpha \ll 2\pi$), while $\theta \approx const -\alpha/2\pi$ for $\alpha \gg 2\pi$. These scalings hold both for wedges and cones. A heuristic (non-conformal) argument for the behavior at large $\alpha$ is given, and comparison is made with critical percolation.Comment: 4 pages, includes 3 figure

Mathematical Modeling of the Diffusion of Water in Wood During Drying

The drying of lumber was modeled by the diffusion of water in wood, according to Fick's second law. In the model the following assumptions were made: (1) Moisture content is the driving force; (2) the diffusion coefficient is a constant value above the fiber saturation point and one-fourth that value below the fiber saturation point; (3) equilibrium exists between the moisture content at the wood surface and the film of air adjacent to the surface; (4) moisture movement from the film to the bulk air stream occurs by film mass transfer. Five independent variables—half thickness of the board, species factor (density-diffusivity), temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity—were found to influence the drying process. This study reveals that variable interactions are important considerations when one wishes to predict drying times.Using red oak and constant values for lumber thickness and kiln air velocity, three cases were modeled to illustrate the potential for improved operation. The first case follows temperature and humidity schedules typical of current kiln operations, forming a basis for comparison. In the second case, a solar-powered kiln produces harmonic variations in temperature and relative humidity. The most favorable drying conditions occur in the late afternoon, the least favorable before dawn. Slower drying with nightly relaxation of the moisture profile may produce a board with few defects. In the final study, temperature and maximum permissible drying rate are specified, with relative humidity chosen according to the model. This case produced the most rapid drying, yet has milder moisture gradients than the base case. The results of these studies show the possibility of producing a high-quality product at low cost in a solar-powered dryer, or optimizing drying schedules to reduce drying time and increase product quality

Thoracoscopic-Assisted Esophagectomy and Laparoscopic Gastric Pull-Up for Lye Injury

BACKGROUND: Acquired esophageal strictures in children are often the result of ingestion of caustic agents. We describe 2 children with severe esophageal strictures following lye ingestion, who successfully underwent esophagectomy and gastric pull-up utilizing combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic techniques. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart analysis of both patients. CASE 1: A 17-year-old female, who ingested a lye-containing substance, which lead to the need for gastrostomy and esophageal dilatations, developed an esophageal stricture. Thoracoscopic esophagectomy, laparoscopic gastric conduit creation, pyloroplasty, gastric pull-up, and esophagogastric anastomosis was performed one year later. She was tolerating a regular diet for almost 4 years following esophageal replacement when she developed a gastric ulcer with gastrobronchial fistula that required open repair via a right thoracotomy. She has since recovered and resumed her regular diet. CASE 2: A 13-month-old female who ingested a lye-based cleaner underwent tracheostomy and gastrostomy on the day of injury, and esophageal dilatations beginning 1 month later. Despite dilatations, she developed severe strictures for which at age 21 months she underwent thoracoscopic esophageal mobilization, laparoscopic creation of gastric conduit, pyloroplasty, and esophagogastric anastomosis. A right thoracotomy was necessary to negotiate the conduit safely up to the neck. She is tolerating feeds and has not developed any complications for nearly 3 years following esophageal replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Esophagectomy and gastric pull-up for esophageal lye injuries can be accomplished utilizing a combination of thoracoscopy and laparoscopy with excellent results. Long-term follow-up is necessary to manage potential complications in these patients