Enterotoxigenicidade de cepas de Aeromonas sp. isoladas em diferentes pontos do fluxograma de abate bovino

Com o objetivo de verificar a capacidade enterotoxigênica de cepas de Aeromonas sp. isoladas em diferentes produtos e locais no fluxograma de abate bovino, foram testadas 102 cepas (18 da espécie A. hydrophila, 65 da espécie A. caviae e 19 atípicas) ante os testes de inoculação intragástrica em camundongo lactente e em alça intestinal ligada de coelho. Revelaram-se como produtoras de enterotoxinas três (16,7%) cepas da espécie A. hydrophila, originárias das mãos do manipulador antes que ele iniciasse seus trabalhos e da carne desossada pronta para o consumo, e uma (1,5%) da espécie A. caviae, também isolada das mãos. Os resultados são preocupantes pela presença de cepas enterotoxigênicas de bactérias do gênero Aeromonas em indústria de alto nível higiênico-sanitário.With the objective of verifying the enterotoxigenic level of Aeromonas sp. strains, isolated from several products and points in the cattle slaughtering processing line, 102 strains were tested (18 from A. hydrophila, 65 from A. caviae and 19 atypical), using suckling-mouse intragastric inoculation test and rabbit bond ileal loop assay. Producers of enterotoxins were found in three (16.7%) strains of A. hydrophila, originated from meat handlers hands, before the person begin working, and from ready to consume deboned meat, and in one (1.5%) strain of A. caviae, which was also isolated from the hands. The results are worrisome based on the presence of Aeromonas enterotoxigenic strains on the hands of workers as well as in the meat sampled from an extremely hygienic processing plant. Such facilities may act as a transmitting vehicle of this important and relatively new food poisoning agent

Distribution of contagious and environmental mastitis agents isolated from milk samples collected from clinically health buffalo cows between brazilian dry and rainy seasons of the year

The present study was performed to evaluate the microbiological characteristics of clinically health quarters submitted to milking and also to observe the distribution of contagious and environmental agents between brazilian dry and rainy seasons of the year. During nine months 734 quarters from 37 buffalo cows were submitted monthly to udder inspection, palpation and strip cup test before milking. 734 asseptic milk samples were inoculated in 10% ovine blood agar and in MacConkey agar media, then incubated for 72 hours at 37oC. Among the 580 isolated microrganisms, 182 (31,38%) were recovered from samples collected during the rainy season and 398 (68,62%) from the dry season. In the rainy period the most prevalent agents were: bacteria from the genus Corynebacterium sp (53,30%), Staphylococcus sp (19,78%) and Rhodococcus equi (13,74%). In the dry period, the commonest ones were: Corynebacterium sp (44,97%), Staphylococcus sp (18,84%) and Micrococcus sp (9,55%). The results demonstrated that the methods used to select health quarters in brazilian dairy buffalo farms allow the transmission of contagious bacteria during both seasons of the year, maintaining Ital.J.Anim.Sci. vol. 6, (Suppl. 2), 896-899, 2007 897 VIII World Buffalo Congress agents known to cause mainly subclinical inflammatory reactions that compromise cronically the physiology and production of the mammary gland

Advancement of grape maturity: comparison between contrasting cultivars and regions

Background and Aims: As grapegrowers move to adapt to climate change, they need more detailed information on what cultivars to plant and where to plant them. The aims of this study were to understand how different cultivars in different regions are responding to changes in climate, in order to inform future cultivar selections. Methods and Results: Trends in the day of year maturity (DOYM) between 1999 and 2018 were analysed for 23 grape cultivars (covering at least 7 years) and four Victorian vineyard regions against vintage year, seasonal growing degree day (GDDSep–Mar) and Spring Index. In most cases there were significant trends in DOYM advancement as a function of GDDSep–Mar and spring index. Temporal advancement of DOYM was more variable. One cultivar showed a significant advancement at two of three sites and another showed a significant delay. Different cultivars advanced DOYM at significantly different rates at a given site, later ripening cultivars advanced DOYM faster than earlier ripening cultivars and for a cultivar grown across several sites, the DOYM advancement was faster at cooler sites. Conclusions: Grapevine cultivars respond to warming temperature differently and the advancement of grape maturity is predicted to slow as temperature further increases. Significance of the Study: The study showed diversity in the phenological response of cultivars to temperature, which may be utilised to better adapt to climate change

Ocorrência de mastite bovina em fazendas produtoras de leite B no estado de São Paulo Occurrence of bovine mastitis in grade B milk farms in the state of São Paulo

Durante o período compreendido entre os meses de Março/1991 e Fevereiro /1992 foi realizado um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência da mastite bovina em 07 fazendas produtoras de leite tipo B de diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo. Foram analisadas 1683 vacas que deram origem a 7695 resultados do CMT e das quais foram coletadas 983 amostras de leite para realização do exame microbiológico. A análise do CMT indicou 47,0% de vacas com CMT negativo, 15,1% CMT + e 37,5% CMT ++/+ + + . Os escores do CMT foram distribuidos segundo o número de lactação (1ª lactação, 2ª lactação e 3ª ou + lactações) e segundo o estágio de lactação (1-30 dias de lactação, 31-90 dias, 91-250 dias e > 250 dias). A análise dos dados demonstrou que houve um efeito significativo (p < 0,0001) tanto do número quanto do estágio de lactação sobre a % de vacas CMT + + /+ + + Com relação ao perfil microbiológico das fazendas estudadas, foram encontradas 501 (50,97%) amostras positivas de um total de 983 amostras avaliadas. Das amostras positivas, destacou-se o Staphylococcus sp (44,6%) seguido por Corynebacterium sp (15,0%), Streptococcus sp (8,2%). Leveduras/Fungos (5,4%), Bacillus sp (4,4%), E.coli (3,2%) e Klebsiella sp (0,2%). Se considerarmos o isolamento tanto em cultura pura quanto em cultura mista, a ocorrência de Staphylococcus sp passa para 55,6%, a de Corynebacteríum sp para 18,6% e a Streptococcus sp para 15,0%.<br>From March/1991 to February/1992 1,683 cows from seven grade "B" milk producing dairy farms were used in a study on the prevalence of bovine mastitis. GMT tests (7,695) were 47.0% negative; 15.1% " +" and 37.5% "++/+ + +". CMT scores were grouped by number of lactation (1st, 2nd, 3rd or more) and by stage of lactation (1-30 days in milk; 31-90 days; 91-250 and > 250 days). Both stage of lactation and number of lactation had significant effect on % of cows CMT "++/+ + + ". Microbiological results from 983 milk samples were 50.97% positive. From the positive samples were isolated Staphylococcus sp (44.6%), Corynebacteríum sp (15.0%), Streptococcus sp (8.2%), Yeast/Fungi (5.4%). Bacillus sp (4.4%), E. coli (3.2%) and Klebsiella sp (0.2%). Considering both pure and mixed culture isolation, Staphylococcus sp represents 55.6%, Corynebacteríum sp, 18.6% and Streptococcus sp, 15.0%

Produção de enterotoxinas e da toxina da síndrome do choque tóxico por cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas na mastite bovina Production of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis

<abstract language="eng">A total of 72 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were examined for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) A, B, C, D and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1). The strains were isolated from milk samples from cows with mastitis in dairy herds of São Paulo State, Brazil. Off 72 isolates, 38 (52.8%) produced SEA, 38 (52.8%) SEB, 32 (44.4%) SED, 28 (38.9%) SEC and 27 (37.5%) TSST-1. From the 72 strains, 66 (91.7%) produced, at least, one or more toxin, including TSST-1