Pharmacological and Toxicological effects of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida alba L. (Malvaceae) in animals model

The present study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacological and toxic effects of aqueous acetone extract of Sida alba L. a Malvaceae species, in mice Swiss and albinos Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, mice received doses of this extract by intraperitoneal route with LD50 value of 3200 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity test, albinos Wistar rats were treat by gavage during 28 days with different doses of aqueous acetone extracts of Sida alba L., (75, 100 and 150 mg/kg). About to the pharmacological properties, the results varied widely in dose of extract and weight of rats and did not show clinical correlations. We undertook this study of extracts in order to provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of Sida alba L., in traditional medicine particularly to treat hepatitis B. Our results of this study appeared to show the safety of acute and sub-acute toxicities of extract from Sida alba L., which can therefore be continuously used with safety in traditional medicine. Statistical studies revealed that there is a low significant difference in body and organ weights, and biological parameters between control group and the treated assay groups (p<0.01 or p<0.05)

Pharmacological and Toxicological effects of Aqueous Acetone Extract of Sida alba L. (Malvaceae) in animals model

The present study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacological and toxic effects of aqueous acetone extract of Sida alba L. a Malvaceae species, in mice Swiss and albinos Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, mice received doses of this extract by intraperitoneal route with LD50 value of 3200 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity test, albinos Wistar rats were treat by gavage during 28 days with different doses of aqueous acetone extracts of Sida alba L., (75, 100 and 150 mg/kg). About to the pharmacological properties, the results varied widely in dose of extract and weight of rats and did not show clinical correlations. We undertook this study of extracts in order to provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of Sida alba L., in traditional medicine particularly to treat hepatitis B. Our results of this study appeared to show the safety of acute and sub-acute toxicities of extract from Sida alba L., which can therefore be continuously used with safety in traditional medicine. Statistical studies revealed that there is a low significant difference in body and organ weights, and biological parameters between control group and the treated assay groups (p<0.01 or p<0.05)

In vitro assay of potential antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Borassus aethiopum Mart

The anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and pro-apoptotic properties of extracts of Borassus aethiopum have been reported in the literature. In this study, we investigated the antifungal and antibacterial properties of Borassus aethiopum male inflorescences extracts. The antifungal and antibacterial activity was studied by agar well diffusion method in vitro. The effect of antibacterial potential was examined against Gram positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ), and Gram negative bacteria i.e., ( Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae ). In the antifungal activity assays, the dermatophytes strains Trichophyton rubrum , Trichophyton interdigitale , Trichophyton soudanense , Microsporum langeronii , and Epidermophyton floccosum were used. The E2F2 extract showed strong inhibitory activity on four of the five fungal species used against ketoconazole, a standard antifungal drug. However, the E2F2 extract displayed weak antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains tested. The results of the present study support the ethnomedicinal uses of Borassus aethiopum for the treatment of fungal diseases. The phytochemical screening of E2F2 extract revealed the presence of sterols, triterpenes and saponins, witch may be involved in the antifungal activity

Evaluation of the antihepatotoxic effect of Argemone mexicana leaf extracts against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats

The leaves of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) are used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat a variety of diseases. In the “Cascades” region, many people use the leaves of the plant for the treatment of liver ailment. An aqueous extract and a crude leaf powder suspension were tested for their antihepatotoxic action against CCl4-induced hepatitis in Wistar rats. The aqueous extract (250 mg/kg, p.o.) and the crude leaf powder suspension (250 mg/kg, p.o.), orally administered, significantly attenuated the elevation of serum enzymes (GOT, GPT, ALKP) and direct bilirubin (Dbil) induced by CCl4 intoxication in rats. These actions were comparable to that of silymarin used as reference substance. For the acute toxicity test any mortality was seen at doses up to 2500 mg/kg.KEYWORDS: Argemone mexicana, antihepatotoxic, hepatoprotective, aqueous extract

The phytochemical composition and <i>in vitro</i> antiviral activity of decoctions from galls of <i>Guiera senegalensis</i> J.F. Gmel. (<i>Combretaceae</i>) and their relative non-toxicity for chickens

Aqueous decoctions obtained from the galls of Guiera senegalensis were screened to determine their phytochemical composition and in vitro antiviral activity against fowlpox virus. In addition, we wanted to investigate the toxic effects, if any, of crude extracts in chickens. Steroids as well as cardiac glycosides not previously reported, an alkaloid, polyphenols and saponins were detected in the various fractions of organic solvents used for extracting the decoctions. Antiviral activity was determined by cytopathic effect inhibition assay in primary chicken embryo skin cells. The 50 % inhibitory concentration (EC50) was shown to be 15.6 µg/ml. Toxicity for cells was established by determining the 50 % cytotoxic concentration (CCy50). A value of 90 µg/ml and a selectivity index (CCy50/EC50) of 5.8 were obtained. In vivo studies of toxicity were performed in chickens that were dosed orally with decoctions of several concentrations for 2 weeks and then monitored for 3 months. No significant changes in several blood chemical parameters were obtained, except for a significant decline in SGOT levels in birds dosed with 100 mg/kg. These levels were nevertheless within the accepted normal range. The findings suggest that aqueous decoctions of galls from G. senegalensis are non-toxic for chickens when administered orally, even at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 days

Activité antiplasmodique de Canthium multiflorum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hiern (Rubiacées) et de Trichilia emetica Vahl. (Méliacées) utilisées dans le traitement du paludisme

le but de cette étude était d’évaluer l’activité antiplasmodique de deux  plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle pour le traitement du  paludisme et de caractériser les molécules actives. les extraits totaux  organiques et aqueux ont été préparés et le fractionnement bioguidé  utilisant la chromatographie sur colonne et la Chromatographie liquide haute performance (ClhP) ont permis d‘isoler des composés pures dont les structures ont été élucidées par la RMn du Proton (1h) et du Carbone (13C) en 1d et 2d. les formules empiriques des molécules ont été établies par la  spectrométrie de masse, haute résolution. les extraits totaux des deux plantes se sont montrés très actifs à inhiber la croissance de Plasmodium falciparum. Kurubasch aldéhyde, un sesquiterpène identifié dans les racines de Trichilia emetica apparaît comme un inhibiteur fort de la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses S180 (Ci50 = 7 ± 3 μM), un faible inhibiteur des cellules MCF7 (Ci50 = 78 ± 15 μM) mais simplement un modeste inhibiteur de la croissance de Plasmodium falciparum (C50 = 76 μM). le fractionnement des extraits de Canthium multiflorum a conduit à l’isolement de quatre coumarines (6,7-dimethoxycoumarine (i), 6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarine (ii), 7- hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarine (iii),  hymexelsine (iV), un irridoïde (l’acide 10-o- acéthylgeniposidique (V) et deux nouveaux triterpènes pentacycliques 3-oxo-15α,19α-dihydroxy-urs-1,12-diène-28-oïque (Vi) et 3-oxo-9α-hydroxyurs- 1,12-diène-28-oïque (Vii). les coumarines n’ont pas montré d’habilité à inhiber les parasites (Ci50100 μg/ml) tandis que l’un des triterpènes pentacycliques a présenté une activité antiplasmodiale faible à modérée (Ci50 =26 μg/ml). les résultats indiquent une activité faible à modérée des molécules isolées contrairement aux extraits totaux qui se sont montrés très actifs et qui pourraient être développés en phytomédicaments antipaludiques.Mots-clés : Canthium multiflorum, Rubiacee, Trichilia emetica, Méliacee, extraits, P. falciparum, composés chimiques, cytoyoxicité

In vitro assay of potential antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Borassus aethiopum Mart

The anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and pro-apoptotic properties of extracts of Borassus aethiopum have been reported in the literature. In this study, we investigated the antifungal and antibacterial properties of Borassus aethiopum male inflorescences extracts. The antifungal and antibacterial activity was studied by agar well diffusion method in vitro. The effect of antibacterial potential was examined against Gram positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ), and Gram negative bacteria i.e., ( Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae ). In the antifungal activity assays, the dermatophytes strains Trichophyton rubrum , Trichophyton interdigitale , Trichophyton soudanense , Microsporum langeronii , and Epidermophyton floccosum were used. The E2F2 extract showed strong inhibitory activity on four of the five fungal species used against ketoconazole, a standard antifungal drug. However, the E2F2 extract displayed weak antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains tested. The results of the present study support the ethnomedicinal uses of Borassus aethiopum for the treatment of fungal diseases. The phytochemical screening of E2F2 extract revealed the presence of sterols, triterpenes and saponins, witch may be involved in the antifungal activity