Influência da irrigação e fertirrigação no crescimento cumulativo do tronco de macieira Maxigala e Fuji Suprema.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da irrigação e fertirrigação no crescimento cumulativo do tronco em duas cultivares de macieira

Measuring hearing in wild beluga whales

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in "The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II," edited by Arthur N. Popper, Anthony Hawkins, 729-735. New York, NY: Springer, 2016. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_88.We measured the hearing abilities of seven wild beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) during a collection-and-release experiment in Bristol Bay, AK, USA. Here we summarize the methods and initial data from one animal, discussing the implications of this experiment. Audiograms were collected from 4-150 kHz. The animal with the lowest threshold heard best at 80 kHz and demonstrated overall good hearing from 22-110 kHz. The robustness of the methodology and data suggest AEP audiograms can be incorporated into future collection-and-release health assessments. Such methods may provide high-quality results for multiple animals facilitating population-level audiograms and hearing measures in new species.Project funding and field support provided by Georgia Aquarium and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NMML/AFSC). Field work also supported by National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Regional Office (NMFS AKR), WHOI Arctic Research Initiative, WHOI Ocean Life Institute, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bristol Bay Native Association, Alaska SeaLife Center, Shedd Aquarium and Mystic Aquarium. Audiogram analyses were funded by the Office of Naval Research award number N000141210203 (from Michael Weise)

Qualidades de maçã Maxigala influenciadas pela irrigação e fertirrigação.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação e fertirrigação na qualidade de frutos de macieiras

Classification of apple tree disorders using Convolutional Neural Networks.

Abstract?This paper studies the use of Convolutional Neural Networks to automatically detect and classify diseases, nutritional deficiencies and damage by herbicides on apple trees from images of their leaves. This task is fundamental to guarantee a high quality of the resulting yields and is currently largely performed by experts in the field, which can severely limit scale and add to costs. By using a novel data set containing labeled examples consisting of 2539 images from 6 known disorders, we show that trained Convolutional Neural Networks are able to match or outperform experts in this task, achieving a 97.3% accuracy on a hold-out set

The startle reflex in echolocating odontocetes : basic physiology and practical implications

This study was funded by Marine Scotland (Scottish Government). Open Access funding provided by The University of St Andrews.The acoustic startle reflex is an oligo-synaptic reflex arc elicited by rapid-onset sounds. Odontocetes evolved a range of specific auditory adaptations to aquatic hearing and echolocation, e.g. the ability to downregulate their auditory sensitivity when emitting clicks. However, it remains unclear whether these adaptations also led to changes of the startle reflex. We investigated reactions to startling sounds in two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and one false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens). Animals were exposed to 50 ms, 1/3 octave band noise pulses of varying levels at frequencies of 1, 10, 25 and 32 kHz while positioned in a hoop station. Startle responses were quantified by measuring rapid muscle contractions using a three-dimensional accelerometer attached to the dolphin. Startle magnitude increased exponentially with increasing received levels. Startle thresholds were frequency dependent and ranged from 131 dB at 32 kHz to 153 dB at 1 kHz (re. 1 µPa). Startle thresholds only exceeded masked auditory AEP thresholds of the animals by 47 dB but were ∼82 dB above published behavioural audiograms for these species. We also tested the effect of stimulus rise time on startle magnitude using a broadband noise pulse. Startle responses decreased with increasing rise times from 2 to 100 ms. Models suggested that rise times of 141–220 ms were necessary to completely mitigate startle responses. Our data showed that the startle reflex is conserved in odontocetes and follows similar principles as in terrestrial mammals. These principles should be considered when assessing and mitigating the effects of anthropogenic noise on marine mammals.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Viabilidade da fertirrigação em pomares de macieira no Sul do Brasil.

Diante da importância que os elementos relacionados com a disponibilidade de água do solo e o fornecimento adequado de nutrientes têm sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da macieira nas condições do Sul do Brasil, foram realizadas pesquisas para avaliar a disponibilidade de água do solo e os efeitos da irrigação e da fertirrigação na produtividade e qualidade de frutos de macieira em Vacaria e São Joaquim.Artigo apresentado no 11º Seminário Nacional sobre Fruticultura de Clima Temperado, São Joaquim (SC), 3 a 5 de junho de 2014

Consumo de água e coeficiente de cultura (Kc) para macieiras em Vacaria - RS.

As principais regiões produtoras de maçã do sul do Brasil apresentam elevados índices pluviométricos. Entretanto, é comum a ocorrência de períodos de déficit hídrico durante o ciclo da cultura nessas regiões, principalmente no final da primavera e durante o verão, o que pode prejudicar a qualidade e a produtividade comercial dos frutos. Por essa razão, há uma demanda recente, por parte de produtores locais, pela instalação de sistemas de irrigação em suas áreas. Para isso, contudo, faz-se necessário conhecer o consumo de água e o coeficiente de cultivo da cultura (Kc). Os valores de Kc são empregados na estimativa da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), por meio da expressão ETc = Kc . ETo, em que ETo é a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), calculada com base em dados meteorológicos. Embora existam dados de Kc para macieiras na literatura (ALLEN et al., 2006), nem sempre esses valores publicados se ajustam às condições locais. O objetivo do presente trabalho é determinar a necessidade hídrica e os valores de Kc para macieiras, sob as condições de Vacaria, RS.bitstream/item/31589/1/cot103.pd

Demanda hídrica e coeficientes de cultura (Kc) para macieiras em Vacaria, RS.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a demanda hídrica e os coeficientes de cultura (Kc) para macieiras cultivadas na região de Vacaria, RS. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Estação Experimental de Fruticultura Temperada (EEFT) da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, localizada em Vacaria, RS, em plantas da cultivar ?Royal Gala? (Malus domestica) sobre porta-enxerto M9. Foram determinados os valores do potencial matricial da água no solo, empregandose tensiômetros de punção. Com base nesses valores, determinou-se a umidade volumétrica e o balanço hídrico mensal. O consumo hídrico da cultura variou entre 0,3mm dia-1 a 4,5mm dia-1, com média de 1,9mm dia-1. O coeficiente da cultura (Kc) apresentou tendência quadrática, variando entre 0,19 e 0,88, com média igual a 0,58.Nota técnica

Entwicklung und Anwendung molekularer und informatorischer Werkzeuge für das genetische Monitoring bei Wildrüben

Development and application of molecular and bioinformatic tools for the genetic monitoring ofwild beets.ZusammenfassungWildlebende Verwandte der Kulturpflanzen (WVK) sind wirtschaftlich wichtige pflanzengenetische Ressourcen (PGR) für die Pflanzenzüchtung. Ein Konzept, solche PGR im natürlichen Habitat (in situ) zu erhalten, ist das genetische Schutzareal. Durch diese Technik ist es möglich, innerartliche Vielfalt zu erhalten und die Entstehung neuer Diversität zu ermöglichen. Das Konzept des genetischen Schutzareals wird an der Gattung Beta im Rahmen des vom Julius Kühn-Institut koordinierten EU-Projekts AEGRO angewendet, erprobt und weiterentwickelt. B. patula (Ait.) (BP) und B. vulgaris (L.) maritima (Arcang.) (BVM) werden dabei als Modellarten genutzt. Beide Spezies sind wichtige PGR für die Zuckerrübenzüchtung. BP ist eine seltene und gefährdete Art mit einem sehr begrenzten Verbreitungsgebiet. Im Gegensatz dazu ist BVM weitverbreitet und kommt u. a. an den Küsten Westeuropas vor. In Folge des globalen Klimawandels wird eine nach Norden gerichtete Migrationsbewegung dieser Unterart erwartet. Basierend auf den durch vorliegende Arbeit geschaffenen Grundlagen soll zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt die Auswirkung dieser Migrationsbewegung auf die genetische Diversität ermittelt werden. Insgesamt wurden 557 Einzelpflanzen von 14 Sammelorten mit jeweils 25 SSR-Markern (Simple Sequence Repeat Marker) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde eine Datenbank zur Unterstützung des genetischen Monitorings modelliert und implementiert, um die erhobenen Labor- und Felddaten in strukturierter und gut dokumentierter Form für die Auswertung von Zeitserien langfristig in hoher Qualität verfügbar zu halten. Erstmalig wird die geographische Verteilung der genetischen Diversität von BP beschrieben und eine Empfehlung für die Ausweisung eines genetischen Schutzareals für BP gegeben. Auch das Wissen um die geographische Verteilung genetischer Diversität bei BVM wurde weiter vertieft. Stichworte: Wildrüben, SSR-Marker, wildlebende Verwandte der Kulturpflanzen (WVK), genetisches Schutzareal AbstractCrop Wild Relatives (CWR) are an economically important plant genetic resource (PGR) for plant breeding. One strategy to conserve PGR in the natural habitat (in situ) is the genetic reserve technique. This approach protects the existing intraspecific diversity and allows, in contrast to the ex situ approaches, the emergence of new diversity. The genetic reserve conservation technique will be tested in practice with the genus Beta within the framework of the EU project AEGRO. B. patula (Ait.) (BP) and B. vulgaris (L.) maritima (Arcang.) (BVM) are used as models. Both species are important resources for sugarbeet breeding. BP is a rare and endangered species with a very limited habitat. In contrast, BVM is widespread along the shores of Western Europe. This subspecies is expected to migrate in a northward direction as a consequence of the global climate change. The impact of this migration on the genetic diversity will be examined in future analyses and will establish a basis for future research. A total of 557 plants from 14 sampling plots were analysed using 25 SSR markers (Simple Sequence Repeat markers). Additionally, a database was modeled and implemented to support the genetic monitoring by storing and post-processing all laboratory and field data in a well documented and structured way. This makes the data available for the analysis of time series. For the first time the geographic pattern of genetic diversity in the wild beet BP was described and decision criteria for the establishment of a genetic reserve for BP were postulated. The knowledge of geographic patterns of genetic diversity in the wild beet BVM was consolidated as a baseline for further investigations on the potential influence of climate changes and the corresponding geographic range shift on genetic diversity. Keywords: Wild beet, SSR markers, Crop Wild Relatives (CWR), genetic reserve conservationtechniqu