Combatting Wage Theft in Global Supply Chains: A Proposal for Transnational Wage Lien Laws

When the world went into lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, major fashion brands attempted to protect their profits by refusing to pay overseas suppliers for over $16 billion USD of goods between April and June 2020. These decisions had a devastating impact on garment workers who toil at the bottom of the supply chain; thousands of garment workers and their families faced wage theft, dealing with months of unpaid wages, benefits and/or severance pay. In the absence of a regulatory framework to hold corporations responsible, workers, unions, and NGOs resorted to naming and shaming brands into taking action. However, many incidents of pandemic wage theft remain unresolved to date. The COVID-19 pandemic only further exacerbated an existing problem of wage theft and wage insecurity in global supply chains and highlighted the need for a regulatory framework to mitigate the immense influence transnational corporations (TNCs) have over actors within the supply chain. To address this problem, this paper proposes a transnational wage lien law that will allow workers in the global supply chain to recover unpaid wages from TNCs. I begin in Part II by defining the current problem of wage theft in the global labor supply chain – focusing specifically on pandemic wage theft in the garment sector – and discuss why addressing this problem is a key component of the business and human rights agenda. In Part III, I discuss the business and human rights landscape in relation to the regulation of global labor supply chains, including principles of responsibility allocation in labor supply chains, duty-based and chain liability-based legal models for regulating supply chain relationships, and the importance of access to effective remedy. In Part IV, I present a proposal for a transnational wage lien law to enable employees of subcontractors to secure unpaid wages directly from TNCs headquartered in the U.S. This includes an examination of current domestic wage lien laws in the US; an analysis of constitutional and international law considerations, including constitutional division of powers, and extraterritorial jurisdiction and comity, respectively; and finally, practical considerations, such as the administrative agency framework, time- and cost-efficiency, access to information and due diligence, procedural fairness, and political will for enacting such a statutory scheme

Effect of Diamond and Carbide Burs on Dentinal Tubules and Predentin Diameter

OBJECTIVES: To find out the effect of Diamond and Carbide burs on the diameter of dentinal tubules and predentin of premolar teeth. METHODOLOGY: A Laboratory-based experimental study was conducted at the anatomy department, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, from January 2018 to March 2018. Sixty premolars were obtained from patients considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six teeth were extracted for control group A. Fifty-four maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth in patients underwent cavity preparation carried out by diamond bur (group B) for twenty-seven teeth and other twenty-seven teeth by carbide bur (group C) and were removed from patients at a dental hospital in Peshawar (RCD). They underwent processing and were then stained with Eosin, Hematoxylin and Masson's trichrome to observe the diameter of dentinal tubules and predentin. RESULTS: The dentinal tubules and predentin diameters were observed and measured in all samples in both control group A and experimental groups B and C. No effect was seen in dentinal tubules diameter. In the Control group, the diameter of predentin was less as compared to Experimental groups B and C, i.e., 10-17.5µm in group A whereas the range for Diamond bur (Group B) and Carbide bur (Group C) was 12.5-25µm and 20-37.5µm whereas. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that in comparison with Carbide bur, Diamond bur is more beneficial than Carbide bur as the Diamond bur has no effect on dentinal tubules diameter whereas little effects on predentin diameter

Corporate Entrepreneurial Impact on Formal Fast food Sector

This study aims to get aware how integrating strategies boost up corporate entrepreneurship process. The concept corporate entrepreneurship  cover up a broad array of entrepreneurial  activities involving innovation, new varieties offered, and new service categories in terms of minor to major change. Purpose of this study is to find out the relationship among corporate entrepreneurship and formal fast sector. For this empirical research primary data is collected by questionnaires and observation method. With help of SPSS, descriptive statistics, correlation and regression model is developed to interpret the results. Basically two variables corporate entrepreneurship (independent) and wealth maximization of formal fast food sector by different determinants(dependant). Results reveal that few determinants have positive relationship while others have negatively correlated with each other. Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial activities; Innovation ; New services categories ; Food Industry; Intrapreneurshi

Analysis on corporate social: financial performance link

Study explore and investigate the influence of corporate social responsibility in multi level facets for performance outcome and corporate social behavior. Using corresponding and coordinated sample of different financial institutions. Data is collected by banks annual reports issuing during 2008-2012. To examine and verify the relationship between CSR and CFP, regression model is used. Findings from data is revealed that positive correlation among corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance. If financial institutions more invest for CSR practices then they will get higher performance and net profit for long lasting period

Impact of corporate governance on firm financial performance in Islamic financial institution

The paper discusses the influence and relationship between corporate governance practices and firm financial performance in Islamic banking sector. Main purpose of this study is to find or identify various factors or variables that affects the firm financial performance. Corporate governance focuses on three meters as board size, number of meeting and audit committee size and firm financial performance has also three indicators return on equity, return on asset and earning per share. Data relates to corporate governance and firm financial performance is collected from annual reports of different Islamic banks to analyze the results. Data reveals the positive relationship between corporate governance and financial performance of Islamic banking sectors. The most outstanding results of this study has considerable and strong positive relationship in large board size and firm financial performance in developing countries as Pakistani circumstances

Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Comparative Approach

This work is intended to find a relationship between corruption and economic growth. Economic growth is viewed in terms of per capita GDP and corruption is quantified as corruption perception index (CPI) published by Transparency International annually. Population, investment, total public expenditures, and expenditure in education by the government are used as the determinants of GDP. Study period expands from 1995 to 2019. Solow growth model is modified for the purpose to incorporate corruption with the macroeconomic variables of economic growth. Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing methodology is used for the analysis. The results authenticate a long run relation amid corruption and economic growth in the economy of Pakistan. The estimates signify that corruption poses negative effects on per capita GDP and thus diminishes the economic growth of the country

Analytical analysis of the magnetic field, heat generation and absorption, viscous dissipation on couple stress casson hybrid nano fluid over a nonlinear stretching surface

The aim of this research paper is to study two-dimension flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid along with magnetic field, heat generation and absorption, and viscous dissipation on a nonlinear extending surface. The primary goal of this study is to improve the heat transfer relationship, which is in high demand in the manufacturing and engineering industries. The outputs of this study will be used to reduce the energy consumption in industry and other engineering fields,for example, the achievement of energy is not enough, but also to adjust the con-sumptions of energy and this is possible only to approve the development heat transmission liquids to mechanism the expenditures of energy and to improvement. The described similarity transformation is used to convert the non-dimensionless form of the nonlinear partial differential equation to the dimensionless form of the nonlinear ordinary differential equation. An approximate analytical method is used to solve the derived dimensionless form of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, one for velocity and the other for temperature. Graphs are used to highlight the most relevant results acquired from velocity and temperature. Tables are used to describe the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number.The work of U·F.G. was supported by the government of the Basque Country for the ELKARTEK21/10KK-2021/00014 and ELKARTEK22/85 research programs, respectively