Bio-based textile processing through the application of enzymes for environmental sustainability

Textile industries contribute significantly to the economy of many developing countries. Every year, these countries export millions of dollars’ worth of textile products to developed countries. However, textile industries use expensive and corrosive chemicals that pose a significant threat to environmental quality and public health. This has led to serious concerns and necessitated the inclusion of safer and environmentally friendly alternatives. Consequently, bio-based processing has created a new approach utilizing biotechnological advances. This article uses evidence from the scientific literature to examine the application of industrial biotechnology in textile-processing industries, which includes enzymes, as a sustainable alternative to the harsh toxic chemicals currently used in textile processing. The article draws on evidence that enzymes offer a competitive advantage over chemicals with less resource requirements (energy and water), reduced emission and less waste. Due to high specificity, enzymes produce minimum byproducts. The implementation of enzymes in textile processing could offer environmental benefits, and improve public health and the sustainability of textiles and apparel. This article contributes to critical awareness by providing succinct information about major enzymes used in textile processes to improve the performance of textile materials, thus contributing to changes in behaviours and attitudes towards textile processing and environmental sustainability. This can assist textile manufacturers and governments in the developing world in campaigns to promote biotechnologies for environmental sustainability

Wpływ wprowadzenia zajęć z przedsiębiorczości do programów nauczania na kierunkach pozabiznesowych na uczelniach wyższych – badanie studentów kierunków naukowych w Institut d’Enseignement Supérieur (INES) de Ruhengeri w Rwandzie

This study assesses the impact of inclusion of entrepreneurial contents in curricula in developing entrepreneurial- like thinking in non-business major students in Institut d’Enseignement Supérieur de Ruhengeri in Rwanda. A comparison of findings before and after the training indicate that systematic learning of entrepreneurship can effectively contribute to the focused development of meta-level skills and leave important input for the policymakers and education strategists who look forward to reforming the supplyside of the labor market as a catalyst of growth.Artykuł oparty jest na studium przypadku i zawiera ocenę wpływu włączenia zagadnień z zakresu przedsiębiorczości do programów nauczania w celu rozwoju przedsiębiorczego sposobu myślenia u studentów kierunków pozabiznesowych w Institut d’Enseignement Supérieur (INES) de Ruhengeri w Rwandzie. Porównanie wyników przed szkoleniem i po nim wskazuje, że systematyczna nauka przedsiębiorczości może skutecznie przyczyniać się do ukierunkowanego rozwoju metaumiejętności oraz dostarczyć istotnej wiedzy decydentom i strategom edukacyjnym, którzy chcieliby zreformować podażową część rynku pracy jako katalizator wzrostu

Entrepreneurial education at university level and entrepreneurship development

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on effectiveness of entrepreneurship education by empirically assessing the role of university entrepreneurial education in entrepreneurship development and reporting the results. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative method was applied for this study. This research was preplanned and structured. Based on the previous literature, hypotheses have been developed. The sample is composed on the basis of a simple random sampling and consists of 200 students. The method of data collection was face-to-face interview with a self-administered questionnaire. The data were statistically interpreted using factor and regression analysis. Findings The present paper explores and examines the factors and variables of different kinds of entrepreneurial education at the university level. Specifically, at first, this paper addresses the possible entrepreneurial education factors in terms of generalized, motivational, and augmented entrepreneurial education via comprehensive literature review. Second, the paper focuses on the relationship between entrepreneurial education at the university level and entrepreneurship development. The results of this study show a strong positive relationship between different kinds of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurship development. Practical implications The implications of these findings are highly relevant to the universities, policy makers, practitioners, and relevant agencies in regard to their policy-setting process in the entrepreneurship development context. This is because entrepreneurship education at the university level has been recognized to have an impact on student, group, and society. This finding also improves the understanding of donors and development partners about the extent to which a quality entrepreneurship education can play a role in economic development. Wrong specification of research models has a significant impact on research outcome and may even mislead decision-setting process. Therefore, this paper encourages further research that examines the measurement model of these three kinds of entrepreneurial education for entrepreneurship development. Originality/value This study provides a first step toward generalized, motivational, and augmented entrepreneurial education at the university level in Bangladesh

Analizar el papel de las condiciones marco que influyen en el proceso de identificación de oportunidades empresariales internacionales

Objective:The objective of this paper is to determine and analyse the framework conditions that influence the entrepreneurial opportunity identification and action in the international market context. Research Design & Methods: Scholars from the International Business and International Entrepreneurship (IE) research fields agree that the process of internationalisation is triggered by opportunity identification. The extant literature is reviewed by assessing the framework conditions that domestic and international markets offer for entrepreneurial actions. An analytical juxtaposition of the influential factors is conducted in the light of various stages of the opportunity identification process by examining ? at each stage ? possible effects of domestic and international market context. Findings:This paper brings into the IE discussion a conceptual matrix of various elements and factors ? external conditions – which influence the creation of nexus by entrepreneurs to the markets. Implications & Recommendations:The conceptual matrix offers new insights for theoretical development and arguments for designing empirical research in terms of external conditions. It is expected to provoke more theoretical and practical questions from scholars within the IE field. Contribution & Value Added:The originality of this work lies in proposing a comprehensive framework to understand how context interacts with the entrepreneurial opportunity identification process

Analizar el papel de las condiciones marco que influyen en el proceso de identificación de oportunidades empresariales internacionales

Objective:The objective of this paper is to determine and analyse the framework conditions that influence the entrepreneurial opportunity identification and action in the international market context. Research Design & Methods: Scholars from the International Business and International Entrepreneurship (IE) research fields agree that the process of internationalisation is triggered by opportunity identification. The extant literature is reviewed by assessing the framework conditions that domestic and international markets offer for entrepreneurial actions. An analytical juxtaposition of the influential factors is conducted in the light of various stages of the opportunity identification process by examining ? at each stage ? possible effects of domestic and international market context. Findings:This paper brings into the IE discussion a conceptual matrix of various elements and factors ? external conditions – which influence the creation of nexus by entrepreneurs to the markets. Implications & Recommendations:The conceptual matrix offers new insights for theoretical development and arguments for designing empirical research in terms of external conditions. It is expected to provoke more theoretical and practical questions from scholars within the IE field. Contribution & Value Added:The originality of this work lies in proposing a comprehensive framework to understand how context interacts with the entrepreneurial opportunity identification process

Analysing the Role of Framework Conditions Influencing International Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification Process

Objective:The objective of this paper is to determine and analyse the framework conditions that influence the entrepreneurial opportunity identification and action in the international market context. Research Design & Methods: Scholars from the International Business and International Entrepreneurship (IE) research fields agree that the process of internationalisation is triggered by opportunity identification. The extant literature is reviewed by assessing the framework conditions that domestic and international markets offer for entrepreneurial actions. An analytical juxtaposition of the influential factors is conducted in the light of various stages of the opportunity identification process by examining − at each stage − possible effects of domestic and international market context. Findings:This paper brings into the IE discussion a conceptual matrix of various elements and factors − external conditions – which influence the creation of nexus by entrepreneurs to the markets. Implications & Recommendations:The conceptual matrix offers new insights for theoretical development and arguments for designing empirical research in terms of external conditions. It is expected to provoke more theoretical and practical questions from scholars within the IE field. Contribution & Value Added:The originality of this work lies in proposing a comprehensive framework to understand how context interacts with the entrepreneurial opportunity identification process

Exploring the Antecedents of Supply Chain Viability in a Pandemic Context: An Empirical Study on the Commercial Flower Supply Chain of an Emerging Economy

The global supply chain (SC) has faced unprecedented disruptions fueled by the COVID-19 virus. While scholarly research has explored various dimensions to counter the epidemic and bolster the SC, the literature is still dispersed and fragmented in managing the SC toward sustainable operational performance. We strengthened the notion of the SC by extending it toward the SC viability (SCV) approach. The objective of the study is to determine the factors to propose a model for sustainable SC viability in a pandemic context. We built our theoretical model based on the viable supply chain (VSC) theory. The study assessed the hypotheses using partial least square-based structural equation modelling with data from 428 flower-producing cum trading enterprises. The research found that supply chain integration and supply risk control positively influence ensuring SCV. Besides, supply chain resilience mediates the effect of SC integration and risk control on SCV. By exploring the role of SC integration, SC resilience, and SC risk control, the study contributes to SC viability theory. Our research fills the gap in the domain of SC viability dimension. From our study, the academicians and firms can get fresh antecedents of SC viability as an emerging sustainable SC management approach

The Regulation of Stress Responses in Fruit Crops is Influenced by Plant Hormones: A Review

Stress is a pervasive challenge in modern agriculture, impacting fruit crop yields and quality. This review explores the critical functioning of phytohormones in regulating fruit crop stress responses. Plant actions, such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene, play pivotal roles in orchestrating the physiological and molecular mechanisms that enable fruit crops to cope with a myriad of abiotic and biotic stressors. This article provides a comprehensive overview of how these hormones interact and modulate stress-responsive pathways, influencing plant growth, development, and fruit production. Understanding the intricate interplay between plant hormones and stress responses is essential for developing innovative strategies to enhance stress tolerance in fruit crops, ultimately securing global food supplies and improving agricultural sustainability