Фактори, що впливають на прийняття електронного уряду в організаціях державного сектору Курдистану

Government institutions digitalization is an important element of development in advanced systems. The adoption of e-Government has great potential for the effective interaction between citizens and policymakers. The trends for development and digitalization of governmental activities raised the necessity for the adoption of the e-government in public sector institutions. The key factors affecting the adoption of e-government in the Kurdistan Region have been investigated in this study. The study has also been made to highlight obstacles that limited government capability to elude the paper-based system and to measure the extent of public support in approaching the new administration, which sought to be a pre-condition for its successful implementation. The exploratory research design has been used and data has been collected through a questionnaire. Four key factors that affect the implementation of e-government in public sector organizations of Kurdistan Region have been identified: motivational factor, personal factor, technical factor and reliability factor. All factors have a positive connection with e-government adoption, but they are not equally influencing the process of its implementation. The motivational factor is more effective compared to other factors due to the perceived benefits of the system to the citizens, but the personal factor has the least impact on the adoption of e-government. It has been determined by the study that citizens appreciate the perceived values created by the e-government as it minimizes routines and inefficiency of public administration that burden their resources. It has been highlighted that there is a positive impression for citizens on the adoption of e-government, which supports the successful implementation of the process. It has been said in the study that IT infrastructure development, adequate training, public awareness and more motivation on perceived benefits can profoundly guarantee the success of e-government adoption and can become an important tool of reform in public sector institutions. Its successful implementation can also improve the quality of public sector management and work on the delivery of public services in an effective and efficient manner.Цифровизация государственных учреждений является важным элементом развития передовых стран. Внедрение системы электронного управления имеет большой потенциал для формирования эффективного взаимодействия между гражданами и политиками. Тенденции развития и цифровизации государственной деятельности обусловили необходимость внедрения системы электронного управления в государственных учреждениях. В этом исследовании изучено ключевые факторы, влияющие на внедрение системы электронного управления в Курдистане. Исследование также было проведено с целью освещения препятствий, ограничивающих возможности правительства отказаться от бумажной системы, и оценки объема государственной поддержки в приближении к новой администрации. Такая поддержка должна была стать предпосылкой ее успешного внедрения. Было использовано проектные исследования, а данные были собраны с помощью анкеты. Определены четыре ключевые факторы, влияющие на внедрение электронного управления в организациях государственного сектора Курдистана: мотивационный фактор, личный фактор, технический фактор и фактор надежности. Все факторы имеют положительную связь с внедрением электронного правительства, но они не одинаково влияют на процесс его осуществления. Мотивационный фактор является более эффективным по сравнению с другими факторами благодаря ощутимой выгоде системы для граждан, и личный фактор меньше влияет на внедрение электронного управления. Исследование установило, что граждане положительно оценивают ценности, созданные электронным правлением, поскольку он сводит к минимуму рутину и неэффективность государственного управления, забирают их ресурсы. Было подчеркнуто, что у граждан сложилось положительное впечатление о принятии электронного правительства, это поддерживает успешное внедрение процесса. Также в исследовании было сказано, что развитие ИТ-инфраструктуры, адекватное обучение, осведомленность общественности и большая мотивация относительно возможных преимуществ могут гарантировать успех принятия электронного правительства и могут стать важным инструментом реформирования в учреждениях государственного сектора. Успешное его внедрения также может улучшить качество управления государственным сектором и позволить эффективно предоставлять государственные услуги.Цифровізація державних установ є важливим елементом розвитку передових країн. Впровадження системи електронного урядування має великий потенціал для формування ефективної взаємодії між громадянами та політиками. Тенденції розвитку та цифровізації державної діяльності зумовили необхідність впровадження системи електронного урядування в державних установах. У цьому дослідженні вивчено ключові фактори, що впливають на впровадження системи електронного урядування в Курдистані. Дослідження також було проведено з метою висвітлення перешкод, що обмежують можливості уряду відмовитись від паперової системи, та оцінювання обсягу державної підтримки у наближенні до нової адміністрації. Така підтримка мала стати передумовою її успішного впровадження. Було використано проектні дослідження, а дані було зібрано за допомогою анкети. Визначено чотири ключові фактори, що впливають на впровадження електронного урядування в організаціях державного сектору Курдистану: мотиваційний фактор, особистий фактор, технічний фактор та фактор надійності. Усі фактори мають позитивний зв’язок із впровадженням електронного урядування, але вони не однаково впливають на процес його імплементації. Мотиваційний фактор є більш ефективним у порівнянні з іншими факторами завдяки відчутній вигоді системи для громадян, та особистий фактор найменше впливає на впровадження електронного урядування. Дослідження встановило, що громадяни позитивно оцінюють цінності, створені електронним урядуванням, оскільки він зводить до мінімуму рутину та неефективність державного управління, які забирають їхні ресурси. Було підкреслено, що у громадян склалося позитивне враження щодо прийняття електронного уряду, це підтримує успішне впровадження процесу. Також у дослідженні було сказано, що розвиток ІТ-інфраструктури, адекватне навчання, обізнаність громадськості та більша мотивація щодо можливих переваг можуть гарантувати успіх прийняття електронного уряду та можуть стати важливим інструментом реформування в установах державного сектора. Успішне його впровадження також може покращити якість управління державним сектором та дозволити ефективно надавати державні послуги

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The Conceptual Assessment of Malaysian Entrepreneurship Environment and EO Economic Contribution

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is a strategy of the organization that increasingly changes the outcome of their performances. This study intended to examine the economic outcome of the entrepreneurial orientation. It also tried to explain how government and the perceived environment impacts on the business organizations to successfully applying EO dimensions. The study found that applying EO in the business organizations less contributed to the economic growth of Malaysia comparing to other countries. The study also found that Malaysian government and private institution offered supportive programs to transfer the attitude and traits of the firms towards the application of the EO. The repayment of the loans is found to be an issue to government and private institutions to maintain their supports. The perceived environment, entrepreneurial knowledge and the attitude of entrepreneurs are key factor of the successful application of EO dimensions.Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurship, business environment, economic development, performances

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