The Significance of Immunohistochemical Markers in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a serious medical and social problem for most developed countries of the world. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on primary tumors of 70 breast cancer patients with different subtypes. An immunohistochemical study allows us to evaluate the indicators associated with the tumor cell cycle. Knowledge of immunohistochemical markers allows us to develop an optimal model for evaluating and choosing tactics for the treatment of breast cancer

INFLUENCE OF SEVERE BLUNT CHEST TRAUMA ON GAS EXCHANGE

Objective: Study of the mechanisms of gas exchange abnormalities in a chest injury. Methods: The state of gas exchange was studied in 40 patients with the blunt chest trauma (BCT) in the resuscitation unit of the National Medical Center of Tajikistan. In 10 (25%) patients were isolated, in 30 (75%) – combined injuries. Results: The function of external respiration with the BCT was characterized with the reduction of respiratory volume and vital capacity of lungs, which was conducted with evident pain factor leading to the limitation of respiratory chest excursion. Conclusion: The leading reasons for acute respiratory failures lay to severe arterial hypoxemia on the BCT are intrapulmonary trauma changes (lung contusion, multiple fractures of the rib), which cause to sharp enlargement of intrapulmonary shunting. In case of the chest injury without intrapulmonary damages, the main treatment measures should be aimed at eliminating the pain syndrome as the main pathogenetic mechanism of gas exchange disturbances. In the presence of intrapulmonary traumatic changes, the thorough sanitation of the tracheobronchial tree, the prevention of pneumonia and the transfer to artificial lung ventilation are of primary importance

Immediate Results of Surgical Treatment of Gastric Cancer

Analysis of the immediate results of surgical treatment of gastric cancer patients subjected to extended 55 gastrektomy  withsplenektomy and 57 patients  of control group, which has been implemented advanced gastrektomy without splenektomy. Advanced gastrektomy with splenektomy in surgical treatment of gastric cancer does not increase the number of postoperative complications and thenature of complications didnot differ from those after the extended gastrektomy with presegastriccanceration of the spleen

Results of Joint Experiments and other IAEA activities on research using small tokamaks

This paper presents an overview of the results obtained during the Joint Experiments organized in the framework of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project on `Joint Research Using Small Tokamaks` that have been carried out on the tokamaks CASTOR at IPP Prague, Czech Republic (2005), T-10 at RRC `Kurchatov Institute`, Moscow, Russia (2006), and the most recent one at ISTTOK at IST, Lisbon, Portugal, in 2007. Experimental programmes were aimed at diagnosing and characterizing the core and the edge plasma turbulence in a tokamak in order to investigate correlations between the occurrence of transport barriers, improved confinement, electric fields and electrostatic turbulence using advanced diagnostics with high spatial and temporal resolution. On CASTOR and ISTTOK, electric fields were generated by biasing an electrode inserted into the edge plasma and an improvement of the global particle confinement induced by the electrode positive biasing has been observed. Geodesic acoustic modes were studied using heavy ion beam diagnostics on T-10 and ISTTOK and correlation reflectometry on T-10. ISTTOK is equipped with a gallium jet injector and the technical feasibility of gallium jets interacting with plasmas has been investigated in pulsed and ac operation. The first Joint Experiments have clearly demonstrated that small tokamaks are suitable for broad international cooperation to conduct dedicated joint research programmes. Other activities within the IAEA Coordinated Research Project on Joint Research Using Small Tokamaks are also overviewed.GACR Grant Agency of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic[KJB100430504]ROSATOM[RF 02.516.11.6068]ROSATOM[RFBR 0502-17016]ROSATOMROSATOM[07-02-01001]ROSATOM[INTAS 100008-8046]ROSATOM[NWO-RFBR 047.016.015]IAEAICT