Satisfação dos usuários com serviços da farmácia: tradução e validação do Pharmacy Services Questionnaire para o Brasil Patient satisfaction with pharmacy services: translation and validation of the Pharmacy Services Questionnaire for Brazil

Este estudo teve por objetivo traduzir e validar para o português o Pharmacy Services Questionnaire (PSQ). O instrumento possui 20 questões que medem a satisfação dos usuários com serviços da farmácia, organizadas em dois domínios. Utiliza uma escala de respostas Likert de 1 (ruim) a 5 (excelente). O Questionário de Satisfação com os Serviços da Farmácia (QSSF) foi aplicado a 137 diabéticos entre 31 e 89 anos (60,6% mulheres), clientes de farmácias privadas, em sua maioria usuários de serviços públicos de saúde (65,7%), com baixa escolaridade (67,9% até ensino fundamental) e utilizando em média 4,3 medicamentos por pessoa. O escore geral na população estudada foi de 3,6 [DP = 1,1 (IC95%: 3,4-3,8)]. Após análise fatorial, os domínios "exposição agradável" e "manejo da terapia" incluíram 8 e 12 itens, respectivamente, e se correlacionaram significativamente entre si (r = 0,92; p < 0,001) e com o escore geral. O instrumento obteve um a de Cronbach de 0,98 para o escore geral. Os domínios exposição agradável e manejo da terapia mostraram um a de 0,941 e 0,980. O QSSF apresenta aspectos de confiabilidade e validade adequados para sua utilização.<br>The aim of this study was to translate into Portuguese and validate the Pharmacy Services Questionnaire (PSQ). The instrument includes 20 questions that measure user satisfaction with pharmacy services, and is organized according to two factors. It uses a Likert scale of answers from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent). The PSQ-Brazil was applied to 137 diabetics from 31 to 89 years of age (60.6% women), clients of private pharmacies, mostly users of public health services (65.7%), with low education (67.9% elementary schooling or less), and who used an average of 4.3 medicines per person. Overall score in the sample was 3.6 (SD = 1.1 [95%CI 3.4-3.8]). After factor analysis, "pleasant exposure" and "treatment management" included 8 and 12 items, respectively, and were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) and with the overall score. The instrument obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.98 for the overall score. The pleasant exposure and treatment management variables showed alphas of 0.94 and 0.98. PSQ-Brazil shows adequate reliability and validity for use in the country

Effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services: an overview of systematic reviews (2000-2010)

Background: Multiple reviews have evaluated the impact of pharmacist-delivered patient care on health-related outcomes. However, it is unclear which of the pharmacist-delivered interventions in these services are the most effective. Aim of the review: To gather the evidence of the impact of clinical pharmacy services on the medication use process or on patient outcomes using an overview of systematic reviews. Methods: PubMed was searched to retrieve systematic reviews published between 2000 and 2010 that assessed the impact of clinical pharmacy services on the medication use process or patient outcomes. Two independent reviewers evaluated the study eligibility and one extracted the description and results of the services. The methodological quality of each review was assessed with the R-AMSTAR tool. Results: Of the 343 potentially relevant records identified, 49 systematic reviews, comprising a total of 269 randomized controlled trials, met the selection criteria. Clinical pharmacy services that focused on specific medical conditions, such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus, revealed a positive impact of pharmacists’ interventions on patient outcomes. For other medical conditions, however, the results were inconclusive (e.g., dyslipidemia or thromboprophylaxis). Interventions that targeted medication adherence and assessed the impact of clinical pharmacy services in prescription appropriateness also produced inconclusive results because of the variability of methods used to assess both medication adherence and medication appropriateness. Conclusions: Systematic reviews that assessed clinical pharmacy services targeting specific conditions were more conclusive given that the intervention was well defined, and the measured outcomes were unequivocal and tangible. Conversely, the results were inconclusive for interventions with a broader target and with monitoring parameters that were unclearly established or inconsistently assessed across studies. These findings emphasize the need to better define clinical pharmacy services and standardize methods that assess the impact of these services on patient health outcomes