40 research outputs found
Characterization of serous retinal detachments in uveitis patients with optical coherence tomography
To determine the prevalence of serous retinal detachments (SRD) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a large database of patients with uveitis from a tertiary referral setting, to describe clinical features of patients with SRD, and to ascertain retinal architectural features found in association with SRD.
Main outcome measures
Prevalence of SRD in uveitis patients imaged with OCT, correlation of visual acuity with SRD, anatomic subtypes of uveitis identified, and association of SRD with various subtypes of macular edema (focal and diffuse) and retinal architectural abnormalities.
Design
Retrospective, single-setting cross-sectional study of all OCTs in a digital imaging base ordered on patients from a tertiary referral uveitis clinic between July 2006 and March 2008.
Results
SRD were identified in 17 of 111 uveitis patients (15 %) reviewed; bilateral SRD were found in 5 of 17 patients (29 %). Intermediate uveitis was the most common disease association (47 %), but other conditions identified included Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, multifocal choroiditis/panuveitis, and sarcoidosis. Retinal architectural features identified in association with SRD included focal macular edema (59 %), diffuse macular edema (50 %), any intraretinal edema (77 %), both diffuse and focal macular edema (32 %), and retinal pigment epithelial alteration (27 %). Moderate or severe visual impairment, defined as visual acuity 20/50 or poorer was seen in 71 % of patients with SRD. Poorer visual acuity was correlated with increased central subfield thickness in patients with SRD (r2=0.41, p<0.001).
Conclusion
SRD were present in 15 % of the uveitis patients reviewed. Moderate to severe vision impairment was present in the majority of eyes (71 %) with SRD. Diffuse macular edema and focal cystoid macular edema were the OCT features most commonly associated with SRD. Intermediate and panuveitis were the most common anatomic sites of inflammation. A variety of pathogenic mechanisms, both inflammatory and non-inflammatory, may be involved in SRD in uveitis patients; identification of the precise mechanism is important for appropriate therapy.This work is supported in part by an Unrestricted Grant
from Research to Prevent Blindness (Casey Eye Institute, Emory Eye
Center), the Stan and Madelle Rosenfeld Family Trust (JTR), the
William and Mary Bauman Foundation (JTR), the William C. Kuzell
Foundation (JTR), and the Ronald G. Michels Fellowship Foundation
(SY)
The effectiveness of pharmacological agents for the treatment of uveitic macular oedema (UMO): a systematic review protocol
PRISMA-P 2015 checklist: recommended items to include in a systematic review protocol. a (PDF 153Â kb
Regression of neovascular age-related macular degeneration following infliximab therapy
PURPOSE: To describe the effects of the antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)
monoclonal antibody Infliximab systemic therapy on choroidal
neovacularisation (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration
(AMD).
DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative series of three patients.
METHODS: A subretinal membrane secondary to AMD was documented by
fluoroangiography at baseline in three elderly patients scheduled to
receive Infliximab therapy for inflammatory arthritis (infusions of 5
mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter). Follow-up was
performed at three months post-baseline, as well as during 18 months of
continuing treatment in the first patient.
RESULTS: CNV regressed partially at three months and resolved at six
months in the first patient. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)
increased from 0.05 to 0.2; this effect was sustained at 18 months.
Regression of subretinal membrane and increase of BCVA was also
documented in the other patients. No ocular or extra-ocular side effects
were noted.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a plausible pathogenetic role of TNF
in CNV secondary to AMD. Additional patients should he studied to
confirm the promising clinical results. (c) 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All
rights reserved
Cystoid macular edema in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and past ocular history of cytomegalovirus retinitis after initiation of protease inhibitors
Purpose: To describe a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) who presented with cystoid macular edema (CME) which was not
associated with active cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis or AIDS-related
microvasculopathy. Method: A 32-year-old man with AIDS and a past ocular
history of inactive CMV retinitis was placed on protease inhibitors when
his CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts dropped to 8 cells/mm(3). Three months
later, after his CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts had increased to 196
cells/mm(3) he complained of micropsia and metamorphopsia in his right
eye of 1 week duration. The patient had a complete ocular examination
including fluorescein angiography (FA). Results: Visual acuity (VA) was
7/10 OD. Fundus examination revealed CME and inactive CMV retinitis, and
FA demonstrated CME and a hot disc. Two transseptal injections of
corticosteroids were administered 2 weeks apart in the right eye as
treatment of the CME. The patient reported gradual visual improvement
and 6 weeks later, his VA was 10/10(-2). CME had resolved clinically and
angiographically. Conclusions: CME in our case is associated with
inactive CMV retinitis and gradually increasing number of CD4(+) T
lymphocytes after initiation of treatment with protease inhibitors. It
may be amenable to regional administration of corticosteroids without
reactivation of retinitis
Twelve months of follow-up after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for the treatment of idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasia
Alexandros Rouvas,1 Panagiotis Malamos,2 Maria Douvali,1 Amalia Ntouraki,1 Nikos N Markomichelakis1 12nd Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Athens University, Athens, Greece; 2Department of Ophthalmology, NHS, “G Gennimatas” General Hospital, Athens, Greece Aims: To report the anatomic and functional outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab in idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasia (IPT). Material and methods: Four eyes of three patients were included in this interventional case series. One patient (two eyes) had bilateral IPT (type 2) and two patients (two eyes) had unilateral (type 1) IPT. Retreatment was scheduled in case of leakage persistence in combination with visual acuity (VA) deterioration. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed together with a full ophthalmic examination at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after injection. Results: One intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was performed in all four eyes. Complete cessation of leakage was documented postintervention in three eyes and partial cessation in one eye, followed by improvement of best corrected VA in one of them. In all eyes, structural changes of the photoreceptor layer were detected in tomography and were responsible for visual loss, which was in most cases, refractory to the applied therapy. Conclusion: Use of ranibizumab might be efficient in eliminating leakage activity in the macular region in patients with IPT. Nevertheless, improvement in VA was infrequent. Preexisting early photoreceptor alteration in IPT might render such patients unable to improve VA. Keywords: idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasis, intravitreal ranibizumab, fluorescein angiography, high-definition optical coherence tomograph
Macular hole closure after peribulbar steroid injection
PURPOSE: To report the closure of a macular hole after a peribulbar
corticosteroid injection in a patient with anterior uveitis associated
with human leukocyte antigen B*27.
DESIGN: Interventional case report.
METHODS: The patient was evaluated by comprehensive ophthalmic check-up
and optical coherence tomography.
RESULTS: A healthy 50-year-old woman presented to our service with
active human leukocyte antigen B*27, associated anterior uveitis,
macular hole in the right eye and macular edema in the left eye. Visual
acuity was 20/200 in both eyes. Peribulbar injections of triamcinolone
acetonide were administered in both eyes. Three months later, visual
acuity improved to 20/50 in both eyes, and the uveitis was in complete
remission. Optical coherence tomography verified that the macular hole
in the right eye was closed.
CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation and macular edema might be contributing
factors in macular hole formation in patients with uveitis. This case
indicates that treatment of inflammation and macular edema might lead to
macular hole closure in similar cases. (C) 2003 by Elsevier Inc. All
rights reserved
Infliximab for chronic cystoid macular edema associated with uveitis
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of the anti-TNF monoclonal antibody
infliximab in uveitis patients without clinically evident ocular
inflammation and impaired visual acuity because of chronic cystoid
macular edema (CME).
DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series.
METHODS: Patients with refractory CME (14 eyes, mean duration of 14
months), associated with intermediate uveitis (n = 6),
Adamantiades-Behcet disease (n = 2), adult-type vascular pseudotumor (n
= 1), and HLAB27+-related uveitis (n = 1) received an intravenous
infliximab infusion (5 mg/kg); five patients were retreated after 1
month.
RESULTS: Macular thickness, measured by ocular coherence tomography, was
reduced from 428 +/- 138 mum to 219 +/- 51 mum at 2 months postbaseline
(P = .0001), while visual acuity increased from 0.41 +/- 0.18 to 0.83
+/- 0.17 (P < .00001). Anatomic and functional improvement was sustained
at 6 months in all. No ocular or extra-ocular side effects were noted.
CONCLUSION: These promising results suggest that TNF may play an
important pathogenetic role in chronic CME, thus, a controlled trial is
warranted. (C) 2004 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Patterns of macular edema in patients with uveitis - Qualitative and quantitative assessment using optical coherence tomography
Purpose: To describe the morphologic characteristics of uveitic macular
edema by the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to
investigate the correlation between tomographic features and visual
acuity (VA).
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Participants: Seventy consecutive patients with uveitis in a
university-based practice with a clinical diagnosis of macular edema in
at least one eye. Inclusion criteria were: (1) verification of macular
edema by OCT, (2) adequate media clarity for fundus visualization, and
(3) absence of coexisting ocular disease limiting visual potential.
Methods: Complete ophthalmic examination: best-corrected Snellen VA,
slit-lamp examination, fundus biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy,
and OCT. Fluorescein angiography was performed in selected cases.
Main Outcome Measures: Best-corrected Snellen VA and tomographic
features of the macula, including macular thickness measurement and
correlation of macular thickness with VA.
Results: Eighty-four eyes of 60 patients met the inclusion criteria. The
mean VA (Snellen test) was 20/36. There were 3 patterns of macular
edema: diffuse macular edema (DME), cystoid macular edema (CME), and
serous retinal detachment (RD). Serous retinal detachment was detected
in 17 eyes (20.2%). Patients were classified into the following groups:
DME (46 eyes, 54.8%), CME (21 eyes, 25%), DME and RD (5 eyes, 5.9%),
CME and RD (12 eyes, 14.3%). Epiretinal membrane was detected by OCT in
34 eyes (40.5%). Eight eyes (9.5%) demonstrated vitreomacular
traction. The mean retinal thickness at the central fovea was 333 +/-
171 mum (mean +/- standard deviation). Macular edema was located mainly
in the outer retinal layers. Eyes with CME had significantly greater
retinal thickness measurements than eyes with DME (P<0.001).
Multivariate analysis revealed that VA was negatively correlated with
increased macular thickness, presence of CME, and RD (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography demonstrated 3 patterns of
macular edema in patients with uveitis: DME, CME, and RD. Epiretinal
membrane coexisted in a significant percentage of patients. In patients
with uveitis with clear media, the morphologic features of macular edema
and macular thickness correlated with VA. Ophthalmology 2004;111:946-953
(C) 2004 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology
Herpes simplex virus type 2: a cause of acute retinal necrosis syndrome
Purpose: To describe a case of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) acute
retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN) in a 13-year-old immunocompetent girl.
Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cultures, flow cytometry, and
cytology were performed on the vitreous sample. Results: Both PCR
studies and vitreous cultures revealed HSV-2 as the cause of ARN. Flow
cytometry showed CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer cells. The visual
outcome of the patient was 20/200. Conclusion: Successful culture of
HSV-2 from the vitreous specimen in a patient with ARN proved HSV-2 to
be one of the causes of ARN. The successful culture of HSV-2 has not
been previously reported