21 research outputs found

    Variations in killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen genes and immunity to malaria

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    Malaria is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum malaria vary among individuals and between populations. Human genetic variation in immune system genes is likely to play a role in this heterogeneity. Natural killer (NK) cells produce inflammatory cytokines in response to malaria infection, kill intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum parasites by cytolysis, and participate in the initiation and development of adaptive immune responses to plasmodial infection. These functions are modulated by interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Therefore, variations in KIR and HLA genes can have a direct impact on NK cell functions. Understanding the role of KIR and HLA in immunity to malaria can help to better characterize antimalarial immune responses. In this review, we summarize the different KIR and HLA so far associated with immunity to malaria.This work was supported through the DELTAS Africa Initiative (Grant no. 107743), that funded Stephen Tukwasibwe through PhD fellowship award, and Annettee Nakimuli through group leader award. The DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Science (AAS), Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA) and supported by the New Partnership for Africa’s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD Agency) with funding from the Wellcome Trust (Grant no. 107743) and the UK government. Francesco Colucci is funded by Wellcome Trust grant 200841/Z/16/Z. The project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 695551) for James Traherne and John Trowsdale. Jyothi Jayaraman is a recipient of fellowship from the Centre for Trophoblast Research

    Étude des bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes des effluents hospitaliers d’un centre hospitalier et universitaire (CHU) de la ville d’Abidjan (CĂŽte d’Ivoire).

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    Objectif : Les effluents non traitĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par les activitĂ©s hospitaliĂšres peuvent contribuer largement Ă  la dissĂ©mination des bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes (BMR) dans l’environnement. L’objectif Ă©tait de dĂ©tecter des BactĂ©ries Multi-RĂ©sistantes (BMR) dans les effluents hospitaliers et d’évaluer leur niveau de rĂ©sistance visĂ - vis des antibiotiques.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Le dĂ©nombrement de la flore totale et de la flore rĂ©sistante ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s respectivement sur la gĂ©lose PCA et les gĂ©loses sĂ©lectives contenant de la ceftazidime (milieux maisons). La concentration moyenne des Ă©chantillons en flore totale Ă©tait de 10,3.105 UFC/ml, infĂ©rieure Ă  la flore totale gĂ©nĂ©ralement prĂ©sente dans les eaux usĂ©es (108 UFC/ml). Les bactĂ©ries suivantes ont Ă©tĂ© les plus isolĂ©es E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus et A. baumanii. La plus part des souches Ă©taient rĂ©sistantes Ă  trois familles d’antibiotiques (bĂȘtalactamines, aminosides et fluoroquinolones).Conclusion : Il ressort de cette Ă©tude que les effluents du Centre  Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Cocody (Abidjan, CĂŽte d’Ivoire) renferme la plupart des bactĂ©ries multi-rĂ©sistantes impliquĂ©es dans les infections nosocomiales Ă  savoir les entĂ©robactĂ©ries et Acinetobacter baumanii producteurs de BĂ©ta- Lactamines Ă  Spectre Elargi (BLSE), Pseudomonas rĂ©sistants Ă  la ceftazidime (PARC), Staphylococcus aureus rĂ©sistant Ă  la mĂ©thicilline (SARM). Ces bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes prĂ©sentent une rĂ©sistance Ă  deux ou trois familles d’antibiotiques. Les bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes prĂ©sentes dans les effluents hospitaliers rejetĂ©s sans traitement prĂ©alable sont susceptibles de causer des problĂšmes de santĂ© publique.Mots clĂ©s : antibiotiques, bactĂ©ries multi-rĂ©sistantes, effluents hospitaliers
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