Methods for Monitoring Matrix-Induced Autophagy.

A growing body of research demonstrates modulation of autophagy by a variety of matrix constituents, including decorin, endorepellin, and endostatin. These matrix proteins are both pro-autophagic and anti-angiogenic. Here, we detail a series of methods to monitor matrix-induced autophagy and its concurrent effects on angiogenesis. We first discuss cloning and purifying proteoglycan fragment and core proteins in the laboratory and review relevant techniques spanning from cell culture to treatment with these purified proteoglycans in vitro and ex vivo. Further, we cover protocols in monitoring autophagic progression via morphological and microscopic characterization, biochemical western blot analysis, and signaling pathway investigation. Downstream angiogenic effects using in vivo approaches are then discussed using wild-type mice and the GFP-LC3 transgenic mouse model. Finally, we explore matrix-induced mitophagy via monitoring changes in mitochondrial DNA and permeability

Mortality and health-related quality of life following injuries and associated factors: A cohort study in Chandigarh, North India

Introduction Injuries are among the ten leading causes of deaths worldwide. In recent years, the quality and reporting of injury mortality has improved but little or no data is available on the morbidity burden and impact of non-fatal injuries in India. This study evaluates health recovery status post-injury, identifying predictors of recovery in North India. Methods Prospective cohort study recruiting patients from one tertiary and two secondary-level hospitals in North India between April-June 2014 hospitalised due to any injury. Health-related quality of life was assessed at baseline and at 1-, 2-, 4- and 12-months post-injury using the EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Multivariable linear regressions with generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between socio-demographic and injury-related factors with the EQ-5D-5L single utility score and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Results A total of 2416 eligible patients aged 18 years were enrolled in the study. Of these, 2150 (74%) completed baseline and all four follow-up EQ-5D-5L questionnaires. Almost 7% (n=172) patients died by the first follow-up and the overall mortality at 12-months was 9% (n=176). Both EQ-5D-5L utility and VAS scores dropped significantly at 1-month post-injury but gradually improved at 2-, 4- and 12-months. Severe injuries, defined as those requiring hospital stay of 7 days were associated with lower utility scores at 1-, 2- and 4-months follow-up (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion This is the first study to examine health outcomes following injuries in India. The findings highlight the need to understand the social, psychological and biological factors influencing recovery outcomes. High mortality following discharge emphasises the need to invest in secondary and tertiary injury prevention in India.<br/

Le Caisses Villageoises D'Epargne Et De Credit Autogerees in the Dogon Region of Mali: Elements of Impact

Created in 1986 by Centre International de Developpement et de Recherche (CIDR), a French NGO and with the financial support of KFW, the German International Cooperation Agency, the Caisses Villageoises d'Epargne et de Credit Autogerees (CVECAs) in the Dogon region offer today, financial services to 21,950 members spread in 52 CVECAs in as many villages. After eleven years of existence, and more than FCF A 900 million in mobilized savings and FCF A 1.492 billion in loans (Chao-Beroff, 1996), the CVECA project is being replaced in July 1997 by a Malian structure, the service commun and three associations that are in charge of providing technical support to the CVECAs. It is amidst this background that CIDR and KFW asked for an impact study of the CVECAs at the individual, household, village, and regional levels. This impact study comprises two components that are reported in two different volumes: a quantitative assessment of the impact was performed by a team from the rural finance program at the Ohio State University (OSU) and reported in the present Volume I, while the sociological impact of the CVECA program was carried out by "Anthropologie et Developpement" a French organization based Montpellier, France. The economic impact study adopted two complementary approaches. The first looked at the impact from the supply side, i.e., the institutional point of view, while the second viewed impact from the demand side, i.e., the CVECA impact on individuals, villages and the region. The sociological impact of the CVECAs also had two objectives. First, it examined the CVECA program's impact on the organization and evolution of socio-economic activities of village groups. Second, it determined the socio-economic impact of the CVECA on its members. That included the analysis of members perception of changes in their social and economic situations, as well as changes in the roles they play in their families

Imagerie en trois dimensions

Entretiens Science et Defense 1996, Cite des Sciences et de l'Industrie de la Villette, Paris, 24-25 janvier 1996SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22419, issue : a.1996 n.24 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc