Discharge Equation for Proposed Self-cleaning Device

To minimize the sedimentation problems upstream of weirs and to increase the capacity and accuracy of these devices, a combination of a V-notch weir and a rectangular sluice gate was proposed and studied experimentally. Different models with different geometric combinations were tested. These geometries include, gate opening, gate length and V-notch angle. Experiments were conducted for free gate flow (unsubmerged) conditions on horizontal and sloping channels. Results showed that flow passes through the device is affected by the device geometry and the flow parameters. Semi-empirical discharge equation was developed. The equation represents the collected experimental data well with an absolute error less than 4%

Combined-free flow over weirs and below gates[Ecoulements libres combinés sur des déversoirs et sous des vannes]

The results of an experimental investigation on the characteristics of the combined flow over contracted sharp-crested rectangular weirs and below contracted sharp-crested rectangular gates are presented. The experiments are carried out in a laboratory flume using various geometrical dimensions under different flow conditions. The basic principles are employed to correlate the discharge to the relevant geometrical and hydraulic parameters in nondimensional form. The experimental data are then used to develop a general nondimensional equation for predicting the discharge through the combined system knowing its geometry and the head of water over the weir. It was found that only one equation describes both horizontal and sloping channels with either mild or steep slopes. Also, the modular limit for combined flow is discussed and an equation for its calculation is presented as well. The effects of viscosity and surface tension are addressed in terms of Reynolds number and Weber number

Discharge equation for proposed self-cleaning device

To minimize the sedimentation problems upstream of weirs and to increase the capacity and accuracy of these devices, a combination of a V-notch weir and a rectangular sluice gate was proposed and studied experimentally. Different models with different geometric combinations were tested. These geometries include, gate opening, gate length and V-notch angle. Experiments were conducted for free gate flow (unsubmerged)conditions on horizontal and sloping channels. Results showed that flow passes through the device is affected by the device geometry and the flow parameters. Semi-empirical discharge equation was developed. The equation represents the collected experimental data well with an absolute error less than 4%

Kinetics and thermodynamics of Mn(II) removal from aqueous solutions onto Mg-Zn-Al LDH/montmorillonite nanocomposite

This study deals with the removal of Mn(II) from aqueous solutions by Mg-Zn-Al LDH/montmorillonite nanocomposite. LDH adsorbent was prepared by co-precipitation method and the composite was prepared by physical mixing of LDH and MMT using high-shear action. The data revealed that the maximum adsorption efficiency were 24.5, 26.4 and 28.9 mg/g at adsorbent mass of 0.25 g/L, pH of 6.0, initial Mn(II) concentration of 80 mg/L, stirring rate of 160 rpm, contact time of 75 min and different temperatures of 298, 308 and 318 K, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to optimize the adsorption process and pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were used to evaluate the adsorption kinetics of Mn(II) ions onto Mg-Zn-Al (LDH)/MMT nanocomposite. The data indicated that Langmuir model fits the experimental data better than Freundlich model and pseudo-second order model is sufficient to depict the kinetics of Mn(II) onto Mg-Zn-Al (LDH)/MMT composite. Also, the data obtained from thermodynamics study; Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), Enthalpy change (ΔH°), and Entropy change (ΔS°) revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic and randomness at the solid-solution interface during the process of adsorption. Keywords: Mn(II) removal, Kinetics and thermodynamics, Mg-Zn-Al LDH, Montmorillonite, Nanocomposit

Most common over-the-counter medications and effects on patients

OBJECTIVE: The self-medicating practice of using over-the-counter (OTC) medications are more common than prescription drug use worldwide. OTC drugs are primarily used to treat conditions that do not require direct medical attention or supervision, and OTC drugs must be demonstrated to be reasonably safe and well-tolerated. The pharmacy profession describes their role in dispensing over-the-counter (OTC) products as “selecting the best medication according to reported symptoms”. This study aimed to evaluate the use of most common over-the-counter (OTC) medications and their effect on patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted on 442 participants who used OTC drugs from June to November 2021. RESULTS: The most common OTC drugs used by patients involved in the study were paracetamol (13.35%), followed by ibuprofen (2.04%). Gender of patients was significantly related to (duration, frequency, suggestion, and misuse) of OTC use and patient counseling by the pharmacist (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: OTC medications can easily be obtained at pharmacies for the purpose of self-treatment. The most common OTC drugs used by the studied patients were paracetamol, followed by ibuprofen. It is suggested that an awareness program among community people be conducted at the community level regarding over-the-counter (OTC) drugs

Tumor necrosis factor receptor I blockade shows that TNF-dependent and independent mechanisms synergise in TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome

TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) is an autoinflammatory disease involving recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation. It is associated with autosomal dominant mutations in TNF receptor superfamily 1A gene localised to exons encoding the ectodomain of the p55 TNF receptor, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cell surface TNFR1 in TRAPS, and the contribution of TNF-dependent and TNF-independent mechanisms to the production of cytokines. HEK-293 and SK-HEP-1 cell lines were stably transfected with WT or TRAPS-associated variants of human TNF receptor superfamily 1A gene. An anti-TNFR1 single domain antibody (dAb), and an anti-TNFR1 mAb, bound to cell surface WT and variant TNFR1s. In HEK-293 cells transfected with death domain-inactivated (R347A) TNFR1, and in SK-HEP-1 cells transfected with normal (full-length) TNFR1, cytokine production stimulated in the absence of exogenous TNF by the presence of certain TNFR1 variants was not inhibited by the anti-TNFR1 dAb. In SK-Hep-1 cells, specific TRAPS mutations increased the level of cytokine response to TNF, compared to WT, and this augmented cytokine production was suppressed by the anti-TNFR1 dAb. Thus, TRAPS-associated variants of TNFR1 enhance cytokine production by a TNF-independent mechanism and by sensitising cells to a TNF-dependent stimulation. The TNF-dependent mechanism requires cell surface expression of TNFR1, as this is blocked by TNFR1-specific dAb