Risks and challenges in multiple pregnancy

Because of breakthroughs in reproductive medicine, multiple pregnancies have become more common in the industrialized world. As a result, obstetric care for women with multiple pregnancies and neonatal care for the same has become more demanding. Multifetal pregnancies are linked to an elevated risk for both the mother and child. There is increased incidence of obstetric complications such as spontaneous abortion, hypertensive disorders, placenta previa, and fetal malformations. Perinatal outcome is also affected which is attributable to increased incidence of fetal complications like prematurity, congenital malformations, growth discordance and cord accidents. We are presenting 2 cases, one of MCMA twin pregnancy with fetal congenital anomaly and another of a triplet pregnancy and their perinatal outcomes

IU School of Medicine Correctional Medicine Student Outreach Project

Background: This project was founded on the basis that correctional medicine is an important component frequently missing from medical education. Opportunities to participate in medical care within correctional facilities, while concurrently engaging in discussions about disproportionate incarceration of certain populations and mass incarceration as a whole, will cultivate empathetic, socially-engaged, and passionate young physicians. This student organization was formed to facilitate clinical opportunities within correctional facilities and host events that focus on the broader socioeconomic and political context and forms of structural and cultural violence that have contributed to mass incarceration in the United States. Methods: In order to facilitate organizational goals, a relationship was fostered between IUSM and Dr. Kristen Dauss, the Chief Medical Officer of the IDOC. Following affiliation agreements, students may now gain clinical exposure at any facility in the state. Since its creation, IUCM has hosted virtual educational lectures, panels, and journal clubs, in collaboration with other student organizations and scholars in the field. The organization encourages engagement with original research in coordination with faculty advisors. We have also worked with administration to incorporate correctional health topics officially into the curriculum. Conclusions: As physicians who will practice medicine in the country with the highest incarceration rate in the world, having a fundamental understanding of topics related to correctional health, adverse health experiences while incarcerated, and longstanding traumatic effects of incarceration is imperative. IUCM’s goal is to create introductory materials and share resources relating to the socioeconomic and political context which has led to mass incarceration and the deficits in care for currently and formerly incarcerated people. Developing a better understanding of the justice system as well as the emotional, mental, and physical impact incarceration has on patients, and will stimulate interest in engaging with these concepts through research, volunteer work, educational events, and in patient care

Effect of phyto additives and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on rumen ferementation and microbial profile in buffaloes

To study the effect of plants containing plant secondary metabolites (PSM) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on rumen ferementation and microbial profile, four fistulated adult buffaloes were fed in 4×4 Latin square design. The four groups were, control, without additive; T1, mixture of harad seed pulp and garlic bulb (2% of DMI); T2, S. cerevisiae (350g feremented feed containing S. cerevisiae 106 /g); T3, mixture of harad seed pulp, garlic bulb and S. cerevisiae. All the animals were fed on a basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrate mixture in 50:50 ratio. Daily DM intake was similar in all the four groups. Feeding of any of the dietary treatments did not affect rumen fluid pH, concentration of ammonia N and lactic acid. The total volatile fatty acids and its fractions except butyrate were also not influenced by supplementation of any of the additives. The activities of ruminal enzymes viz. carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, avicelase and acetyl esterase were similar in all the four groups. The rumen microbial density of total bacteria, Ruminococcus flavefaciences, R. albus, methanogens and fungi were not changed whereas Fibrobacter succinogenes and protozoa populations were significantly reduced in T1 but were at par of control by inclusion of yeast in the diet. It is concluded that mixture of harad and garlic alone or in combination with yeast culture did not influence rumen fermentation however microbial profile (F. succinogenes and protozoa) was improved by feeding yeast as additive. The additives tested seem to have potential to alter rumen microbial ecology and can further be explored for its efficacy in improving the performance of the animals

Effect of feeding live Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC 15 and lactic fermented milk as probiotics on the performance of early weaned crossbred (Landrace × Desi) piglets

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of feeding live Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC 15 and lactic fermented milk (LFM) as probiotics on the performance of early weaned crossbred (Landrace × Desi) piglets. Crossbred (Landrace × Desi) piglets (36) weaned at 28 days were assigned to treatments T1, T2 and T3 (12) following completely randomized block design. Piglets were fed concentrate mixture as per standards consisting of maize, soyabean, wheat bran and fish meal as a major ingredients. Piglets of T1 were fed basal diet without probiotics, while T2 and T3 were fed basal diet fermented with L. acidophilus NCDC 15 (200g/day/piglet, 5.8×107 cfu/g) and curd (200g/day/piglet, 6.7×107 cfu/g), respectively, for 120 days. Supplementation of probiotics (L. acidophilus NCDC 15 and LFM) to piglet diet improved total feed intake and the net body weight gain as compared to control group. The carcass parameters like carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass length, back fat thickness and loin eye area was higher in L. acidophilus NCDC 15 and LFM supplemented groups as compared to control group where no probiotic was fed. Owing to the comparable affect of both the probiotics tested, it can be concluded that to improve the performance of the piglets, LFM (curd) can be used as probiotic

The use of Lactobacillus as an alternative of antibiotic growth promoters in pigs: A review

Antibiotics, often supplemented in feed, used as a growth promoter, may cause their residual effect in animal produce and also trigger antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which is of serious concern among swine farming entrepreneurs. As an alternative, supplementing probiotics gained interest in recent years. Lactobacillus being the most commonly used probiotic agent improves growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, nutrient utilization, intestinal microbiota, gut health and regulates immune system in pigs. The characteristics of Lactobacillus spp. and their probiotic effects in swine production are reviewed here under

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Not AvailableFour groups of newly born crossbred calves (average body weight 23.5 kg) were reared on green berseem and calf starter which was devoid of cereal grains. Milk was fed up to 8 weeks of age, starting with one tenths and gradually reducing to one twentieths of the body weight. One hundred millilitres of microbial feed additive or 100 g fermented feed was fed to the animals of group 2 (curd containing lactic acid bacteria at 10(8) cfu x ml(-1)), group 3 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCDC-49 at 10(6) cfu x ml(-1)) and group 4 (Lactobacillus acidophilus-15 at 10(8) cfu x ml(-1)). Group 1 served as control. The incidence and duration of diarrhoea was lower in the animals of probiotic fed groups as compared to control group. Out of three microbial feed additives, yeast feeding showed maximum suppression of diarrhoea followed by Lactobacillus and curd.Not Availabl

Footer Voltage Controlled Dual Keeper Domino Logic with Static Switching Approach

In this paper, two circuits, namely Footer Voltage Controlled Dual Keeper domino logic (FVCDK) and Footer Voltage Controlled Dual Keeper with Static Switching domino logic (FVCDK-SS) are presented, in order to achieve high speed, low power consumption and robustness. The dual keeper arrangement helps in reducing the loop gain of the feedback circuitry, which leads to lower delay variability. The keeper circuitry is controlled using the footer voltage to reduce the contention current in the initial evaluation phase, and thus providing enhanced speed. In FVCDKSS domino logic, unwanted transients at the output are reduced by incorporating pseudo-dynamic buffer in the proposed FVCDK domino logic. This further reduces the dynamic power consumption. The results of the logic presented here are validated by comparing them to a wide range of existing domino logic circuits for a variety of performance metrics such as delay, power, power-delay product and unity noise gain. To effectively gauge the wide fan-in capabilities of the proposed logic, results are shown for the various fan-in OR gate. The simulations of the circuits are carried out using industry standard full-suite Cadence tools using 45 nm technology library.Ostrav

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Not AvailableThe present scenario of animal production in India warrants for the search of alternate and cheaper feed ingredients for livestock feeding to economize the animal husbandry. Further more among the different feed additives being used in livestock production, the microbial feed additives (probiotic) are gaining importance as a production enhancer in animals (Dutta et al. 2006, Hummel et al. 2007). The feeding of lactic acid bacteria to the animal results in removal of pathogenic micro-organisms from the intestinal tract reduced incidence of diarrhoea and increased immunity and live weight gain in the livestock (Baksbi and Langer 1990, Cruywagen et al. 1996, Emmanuel et al. 2007). The inconsistency in the results of probiotics feeding might be due to type and quality of strains, physiological stage, dietary condition of the animal and dose of probiotics (Agarwal et al. 2002, Raeth-Knight et al. 2007). The present study was undertaken to study the effect of feeding lactic acid producing bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus jugarti and Lactobacillus case i) with grain or without cereal grain in concentrate mixtures on the nutrient utilization and growth performance of male crossbred cattle calves. Male crossbred (Bos indicusx'Iaurus) cattle calves (20) at the age of 13 weeks were distributed into 4 groups of 5 animals each. The 4 different treatment groups were as group 1 (GC, with grain and LAB culture), group 2 (GCo, with grain without culture), group 3 (GoC, without grain with culture) and group 4 (GoCo, without grain and culture). The rations of the animals were formulated to meet the requirement for 500 g daily body weight gain (NRC 1989) Grain based concentrate mixture (groups GC and GCo) consisted of maize 30%, wheat bran 52%, groundnut cake 15%, mineral mixture 2% and salt 1% and grainless.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFour fistulated yearling male crossbred cattle calves (average body weight 176 kg) were fed on concentrate devoid of grain and wheat straw in approximately 1 : 1 ratio. The four concentrate mixtures were de-oiled rice bran with 0, 10, 20 and 30% molasses, respectively. To make the four concentrates iso-nitrogenous, groundnut cake was added at the rate of 0, 3, 6 and 9% respectively. The animals were fed in a 4 × 4 switch over design. Each feeding period lasted 4 weeks followed by rumen liquor collection. Dry matter intake was similar in all the groups. The level of molasses in concentrate mixture affected the volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and NH3–N. There was a non-significant increasing trend in the number of large holotrichs and decreasing trend in the number of small holotrichs with increase in the level of molasses in the concentrate mixture. The activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, α-amylase, xylanase and protease did not show definite patterns. The dry matter intake (DMI) and rumen fermentation pattern indicated that de-oiled rice bran with molasses upto 20% level can be a substitute for conventional concentrate mixture for maintenance.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTwelve non-pregnant crossbred (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) cows at similar stage of lactation, distributed in three groups of four animals each, were fed on basal diet of wheat straw ad libitum and concentrate mixture.as per their requirements. Maize grain in concentrate mixture of control group (1) was replaced either with 50 (Group 2) or 100% (Group 3) wheat bran. The experimental feeding was continued for a period of 98 days. Intake and digestibility of nutrients did not reveal significant difference among the groups. Balances of TDN and CP for growth and milk production were comparable among the groups. Besides lower feed cost for milk production in crossbred cows fed grainless diet, it would spare about 400kg of cereal grain during a lactation cycle. Results indicate that low producing (3kg milk/day) animals can easily be sustained on grainless concentrate mixture without any adverse effect on their health and nutritional status.Not Availabl