PLAYING WITH TRANSGRESSORS: PRESCHOOLERS CONSIDER REPUTATION AND SAFETY WHEN CHOOSING PLAYMATES

Preschoolers think physically mean peers are unlikely to be helpful and deserve to bepunished and excluded from play (Kondrad & Jaswal, 2013). Even after transgressors arepunished, children are unwilling to play with them. There is an adaptive explanation for thiscaution: children who recognize and avoid historically mean people are protected frompotential physical harm. Yet, children also claim that a transgressor will not misbehave againonce punished, suggesting that children believe physically mean peers are rehabilitated bypunishment. Thus, safety concerns may not be the only factor children consider whenchoosing playmates. One alternative is that preschoolers worry about their reputation if otherkids see them interacting with a known transgressor. The present study examined whetherconcerns about safety or reputation play a stronger role in 5-year-olds’ decisions aboutplaymates. Preschoolers heard 4 stories about peers who physically harmed someone andwere punished. Half of the preschoolers learned that no one else knew about thetransgressors’ behavior whereas the other half learned that everyone knew. Preschoolers thenrated on a 5-point Likert scale how much they would like to play with the transgressor if theinteraction was public or if it was private. The children also completed several Theory ofMind tasks. Contrary to expectations, children’s willingness to play with transgressors wasequally affected by safety and social concerns and was not correlated with Theory of Mind.These results suggest that children consider information relevant to safety and their ownreputation when making decisions about playmates

Treatment Of Pupil Misbehavior By Textbooks Used In Undergraduate Education Courses At Appalachian State Teachers College

The purpose of the writer in making this study was (1) to review the research in the area of classroom discipline; (2) to identify the kinds of pupil misbehavior which are mentioned in the textbooks used in the undergraduate education courses at Appalachian State Teachers College; (3) to identify the methods of dealing with classroom misbehavior problems which are recommended and/or disparaged by the authors of these textbooks; and (4) to report the results of theses investigations

Experimentation with voices

Just now, it was deeply dark still, and there would be no visible ball of sun for a few weeks yet. But it was after eight, and in a half hour or so there would be enough light to suit him, to let him go safely into the wooded area that lay under eight or nine feet of snow, glazed and crusty old snow. The trees knew the weather so well that the lowest branches which appeared in summer were nearly fifteen feet off the ground, and the animals would forage a toll of any even that close when they had more snow to stand on. He regretted for a second the oil he had wasted reading last night, although he seemed to have enough to last until late May. Then, the light would be better, and he would snowshoe the thirty miles into Whitehorse. But to him enough to last meant a good reserve, a trump card against this spiel of Nature that let him get along just fine, but only on Her terms, with no room for slips. He had known this place to be thumped and slammed by blizzards as late as May

The effects of temperature and single frequency audio sound on the germination rate of seeds

It was the purpose of this study to determine the effects, if any, of temperature and single frequency, audio sound on the germination rate of seeds. These data were then used in the development of a mathematical model which describes this action. With the aid of this model, the activation energy was also determined, as well as certain other parameters. In all the experiments a single variety of turnip seed was used. All samples were randomly selected and were germinated under identical conditions, with the exceptions of sound and temperature. All the data were collected by the same person by visual observation of the seeds during germination. A constant temperature board, with a tight fitting lid for control of humidity, was used to obtain the required environmental conditions. The data were graphically and mathematically analyzed using various computer programs. The theoretical curves obtained from the model were fitted to the experimental data points by the least-squares method, with the chi-square test being used as the criteria for goodness of fit

Visual sensations which create expressions

This thesis consists of six paintings and twelve serigraphs dealing with free flowing forms carrying associations of color through which I have attempted to organize purely intuitive responses to different experienced situations. The six paintings are executed on stretched cotton duck canvas with acrylic polymer colors. The twelve serigraphs are printed on Vellum Bristol Board with silk screen process inks. Both the paintings and serigraphs were developed from small drawing studies enlarged by the grid method or with an opaque projector. This series of works originated from an exploration of growth patterns from which I found a suitable vehicle in motifs similar to fingerprints to carry associations of color. The paintings and serigraphs are designed to be two dimensional in character. A sense of fluctuation in movement is generated by linear elements which vary in thickness, intensity, and or value. The work leading up to this thesis exhibition has evolved from an intensive study of color and spatial relationships. I have directed my efforts to achieve the visual effects obtained from using monochromatic or analogous colors. I apply colors at chosen intervals which produce a progressive comparison; thereby creating rhythm in my paintings. The serigraphs are basically an extension of the paintings which allows me to explore new motifs and spatial relationships on a smaller scale. They are also useful to me at this point because the technique of silk screen printing is an excellent method of reproducing the design with different associations of color for possible future paintings

A Stieltjes integral existence theorem

This paper is the result of inquiry into questions that arose concerning Stieltjes integrals

Characterization and regulation of Wnt5a alternate promoters A and B

WNT5A is an extracellular glycoprotein that activates several Wnt signaling pathways important in cancer. Significantly, Wnt5a expression is altered in numerous cancers. Little is known about Wnt5a gene regulation but current data indicate that misregulation of Wnt5a expression involves non genetic changes. The goal of this study was to characterize transcriptional regulation from two alternate Wnt5a promoters, A and B. To analyze the relative level of expression from the human Wnt5a alternative promoters, promoter-luciferase reporter constructs containing different amounts of upstream sequence from promoters A and B were transiently transfected into NIH3T3 and Caco-2 cell lines. The relative level of promoter activity was compared by measuring luciferase activity in the transfected cells. Both Wnt5a promoters A and B were functional but found to have differential expression patterns in NIH3T3 and Caco-2 cells, indicating both positive and negative regulatory sequences. The transcription factor NFkappaB and the MAPK signaling pathway were studied to determine if they influence the transcriptional activity of Wnt5a promoters A and B. Stable lines of NIH3T3 cells with Wnt5a promoters A and B were treated for 6 and 24 hours with TNFalpha, a known inducer of NFkappaB activity, and inhibitors of MAPK pathway kinases (MEK1/2 and ERK). The cells were collected and assayed for firefly luciferase activity (relative light units) and standardized to DNA content. TNFalpha slightly increased promoters A and B activity at 6 hrs. TNFalpha had little or no effect on promoter A at 24 hours, whereas promoter B activity increased between 1.28 and 2.84 fold. The NFkappaB inhibitor, JSH-23, confirmed that NFkappaB is involved in the response of promoter B but not promoter A to TNFalpha. MEK1/2 inhibitor had inconsistent effects on promoter A, whereas promoter B activity decreases at both time points. ERK inhibitor increased promoter A activity for both 6 and 24 hours, whereas activity only increased for promoter B at 24 hours. These findings were further examined by measuring the relative contribution of Wnt5a alternative promoter A and B endogenous transcripts in both NIH3T3 and GM03349. Custom primers that amplify and detect human and mouse Wnt5a promoters A and B specific transcripts were created to analyze the relative amount of each transcript by qRT-PCR. Results show that promoter A generates more transcripts than promoter B and that TNFalpha increases the activity of both promoters in mouse and human fibroblasts. Overall, these data indicate that Wnt5a promoters A and B are differentially regulated and that NFkappaB influences transcriptional activity of Wnt5a promoter B rather than promoter A

Promoting Urinary Continence: Education Program For Nursing Staff Using The 3-Day Voiding Record

Background: Strokes are one of the major causes of disability in the United States (US) and fifth leading cause of death. Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the complications of stroke and is associated with poor quality of life, nursing home placement, and mortality. Stroke guidelines for UI include prompt voiding as a strategy to improve UI. While guidelines to address UI are recommended, often this strategy is not implemented in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF). Purpose: The purpose of this project was to assess whether a prompt voiding education program provided to nursing staff increased knowledge of prompt voiding and 3-Day voiding record for individualized prompt voiding schedule development with patients who suffered a stroke in an IRF. Methods: A nurse led prompt voiding education program was implemented. Nursing staff completed a pre- and post-survey to assess UI and prompt voiding knowledge. After the education program, the 3-Day voiding record and prompt voiding were implemented for four weeks. A post-implementation survey to assess likelihood of prompt voiding and 3-Day voiding record and barriers to these strategies were completed. Results: Analysis of pre- and post-survey results were not significant for increase in knowledge of UI and prompt voiding, clinical significance was present as 80% of the participants noted prompt voiding as a strategy for UI. Post-implementation survey results showed 88% (n=8) of the participants were likely to continue with prompt voiding even though 50% (n=6) of the participants experienced barriers. Conclusions and Recommendations: All participants had knowledge of prompt voiding prior to the education program; however, did not apply this UI strategy in their care. Addressing barriers to implementation and developing mentors to facilitate prompt voiding is needed to improve adherence to evidence based guidelines for stroke