RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN PEACH ORCHARDS ON THE MAIZE WEEVIL Sitophilus zeamais (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of pesticides sprayed on peach orchards on S. zeamais. The study consisted of two experiments, according to the method of pesticide application. For Experiment I, pesticides were directly sprayed on peach trees and in Experiment II, the application of pesticides was performed under laboratory conditions. In both Experiments, the effect of pesticides was assessed in laboratory through the release of ten weevils per peach fruit. The effect of treatments was assessed by variable number of surviving insects. The results for pesticides [a.i. (ml or g.100L)] have shown that application of treatments in the field (Experiment I), malathion (200) presented persistence at 1DAT (Days after treatments spraying) and control higher than 80%, and thiametoxan (30) up to 3 DAT , while for phosmet (200) and fenthion (100), the control percentage was over 70% at 1 DAT . Under laboratory conditions, the application of the same insecticides showed control of 100% at 120 HAT (Hours after treatment application). In this context, the use of insecticides by spraying plants must be considered an alternative method for the control of S. zeamais in peach, being necessary to the development and adoption of new control tools for its management

The semiology of changing brand image

This article considers the attempted change to the image of an established brand by studying the semiotics within the brand’s historical advertising campaigns. The use of semiotics to study the interpretation of messages is discussed, and the link between interpretation of messages and advertising effectiveness in changing brand image is explored. The authors deconstruct advertisements of a brand to provide a model containing opposing dialectics that may aid managers by highlighting alternative symbolic messages contained in advertisements. Oncwe identified, these alternative symbolic messages may be used to help change brand image and influence advertising effectiveness. Although the study focuses upon a major brand of beer, this is an industry in which there are numerous small firms, and many of those have constrained marketing budgets, and thus need to make sure that their advertising is effective. Equally, entrepreneurial marketing is not to found only in the small firm, and the case study discusses a radical and imaginative brand repositioning of a well established product

Suscetibilidade de bagas de genótipos de videira pela infestação por Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade de genótipos de videira à drosófila?da?asamanchada, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), em bagas de uva intactas e em bagas infestadas após a ocorrência de puncturas, causadas pela oviposição da mosca?das?frutas sul?americana [Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)] ou por danos mecânicos (alfinetes). Os experimentos foram realizados em laboratório, a 22±1°C, umidade relativa de 65±10% e fotófase de 12 horas. A suscetibilidade foi avaliada para 18 genótipos de videira, em bagas intactas submetidas às fêmeas de D. suzukii. O potencial de interação foi verificado em bagas de uva 'Italia', cuja epiderme foi danificada por puncturas de A. fraterculus ou por alfinete, em comparação a frutos de morango 'Albion'. As cultivares de Vitis labrusca 'Niagara Rosada' e 'Concord' não foram infestadas por D. suzukii, e cinco dos oito genótipos que foram infestados são cultivares melhoradas. A infestação de D. suzukii em bagas de uva 'Italia' com danos mecânicos, feitos com um alfinete ou pela oviposição de A. fraterculus, foi semelhante à de bagas íntegras. Há baixa adequação hospedeira de videiras a D. suzukii, mesmo com a presença de danos. As cultivares 'Benitaka', 'BRS Vitória' e 'BRS Morena' são as mais suscetíveis a D. suzukii