Effect of clinical signs, endocrinopathies, timing of surgery, hyperlipidemia, and hyperbilirubinemia on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele

Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common extra-hepatic biliary syndrome in dogs with death rates ranging from 7 to 45%. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the association of survival with variables that could be utilized to improve clinical decisions. A total of 1194 dogs with a gross and histopathological diagnosis of GBM were included from 41 veterinary referral hospitals in this retrospective study. Dogs with GBM that demonstrated abnormal clinical signs had significantly greater odds of death than subclinical dogs in a univariable analysis (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.14–8.23; P < 0.001). The multivariable model indicated that categorical variables including owner recognition of jaundice (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.19–3.77; P = 0.011), concurrent hyperadrenocorticism (OR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.08–3.47; P = 0.026), and Pomeranian breed (OR, 2.46; 95% CI 1.10–5.50; P = 0.029) were associated with increased odds of death, and vomiting was associated with decreased odds of death (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.30–0.72; P = 0.001). Continuous variables in the multivariable model, total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04; P < 0.001) and age (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08–1.26; P < 0.001), were associated with increased odds of death. The clinical utility of total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration as a biomarker to predict death was poor with a sensitivity of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.54–0.69) and a specificity of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.59–0.66). This study identified several prognostic variables in dogs with GBM including total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration, age, clinical signs, concurrent hyperadrenocorticism, and the Pomeranian breed. The presence of hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus did not impact outcome in this study.Supplemental Table S1. Number of dogs included from each institution and years reviewed.Supplemental Table S2. Included breeds.Supplemental Table S3. Distribution of various reasons given for performing cholecystectomy in the 179 subclinical dogs with gallbladder mucocele (GBM).Supplemental Table S4. Distribution of clinical signs associated with systemic illness in 982 dogs with gallbladder mucocele.Supplemental Table S5. Distribution of reasons for death in-hospital (i.e. euthanized and died) in 179 dogs with gallbladder mucocele that underwent cholecystectomy.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/tvjlhj2020Companion Animal Clinical Studie

Efeito do espaçamento e da idade sobre variáveis de povoamentos de Pinus Taeda L. Effect of spacing and age on stand variables of Pinus Taeda L.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os dados de um experimento sobre espaçamento inicial, implantado em povoamentos de Pinus taeda L. não-desbastados pertencentes à empresa IGARAS, localizados no Planalto Serrano do Estado de Santa Catarina, no Sul do Brasil. O experimento consistiu em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições e nove tratamentos (espaçamentos 1,5 x 1,0; 2,0 x 1,0; 2,5 x 1,0; 1,5 x 2,0; 2,0 x 2,0; 1,5 x 3,0; 2,5 x 2,0; 2,0 x 3,0; e 2,5 x 3,0 m). As medições foram realizadas nas idades de 4 a 14 anos. O efeito dos espaçamentos e da idade sobre as variáveis do povoamento foi analisado por meio do teste de Scott-Knot e de análise de regressão. Os resultados apontaram que os espaçamentos influenciam a tendência de crescimento em altura total, em área basal por ha, em diâmetro quadrático, em volume por árvore e em volume por ha. Os resultados permitiram confirmar que o espaçamento possui pouco efeito sobre as estimativas de altura total e que, aos 14 anos, os maiores espaçamentos proporcionam maiores estimativas de diâmetro quadrático, de volume por árvore e de sobrevivência e menores estimativas de área basal por ha e de volume por ha.<br>The objective of this study was to analyze data from an experiment on initial spacing, installed in unthinned stands of Pinus taeda L. owned by IGARAS company, located in the Planalto Serrano, State of Santa Catarina, in Southern Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three repetitions and nine treatments (spacing 1.5 x 1.0; 2.0 x 1.0; 2.5 x 1.0; 1.5 x 2.0; 2.0 x 2.0; 1.5 x 3.0; 2.5 x 2.0; 2.0 x 3.0; and 2.5 x 3.0 m). The measurements were taken from 4 to 14 years. The spacing and age effect on stand variables was analyzed by the Scott-Knot test and regression analysis. The results showed that the spacing influenced the growth tendency for total height, basal area per ha, quadratic mean diameter, volume per tree and volume per ha. The results allowed the confirmation that the spacing has little effect on the estimates of total height, and up to 14 years, the largest spacings provide larger estimates for quadratic mean diameter, volume per tree and survival, and smaller estimates for basal area per ha and volume per ha