Iranian women’s experiences of infertility: A qualitative study

Background: There are concerns and diverse experiences related to infertility and childlessness. The lived experience of infertile people from various cultures needs to be explored. Objective: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore Iranian women experiences of their infertility. Materials and Methods: The data comprised interviews about fertility issues in the Persian language with eighteen women, aged 17-45 yr old, who agreed to be interviewed at the Mottahari Infertility Treatment Clinic, affiliated to the Urmia University of Medical Sciences about their fertility problems. They were approached by the researchers at the time of their first visit. The verbatim transcribed interviews were analyzed using deductive conventional content analysis. Results: The experiences of the informants were conceptualized into four major themes: 1) Shock (subthemes: Disbelief and Denial); 2) Reaction (subthemes: Distress, Guilt, Loss of self-esteem and Sexual reluctance); 3) Processing (subthemes: Internal processing, Avoidance, Marriage at risk, External processing, Stigma caused by the family and Stigma caused by the community) and 4) Reorientation (subthemes: Forgetting, Marriage to saving marriage and Sexual consent). Conclusion: Infertility can be a challenging condition. Considering that infertilityrelated issues affect Iranian women more contextual factors is necessary. So, culturally sensitive and gender specific protocols are suggested to provide suitable and about culturally sensitive and genderspecific protocols is a necessity in order to provide suitable care to infertile women. Key words: Iran, Women, Infertility, Qualitative

Iranian women’s experiences of infertility: A qualitative study

Background: There are concerns and diverse experiences related to infertility and childlessness. The lived experience of infertile people from various cultures needs to be explored.Objective: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore Iranian women experiences of their infertility.Materials and Methods: The data comprised interviews about fertility issues in the Persian language with eighteen women, aged 17-45 yr old, who agreed to be interviewed at the Mottahari Infertility Treatment Clinic, affiliated to the Urmia University of Medical Sciences about their fertility problems. They were approached by the researchers at the time of their first visit. The verbatim transcribed interviews were analyzed using deductive conventional content analysis.Results: The experiences of the informants were conceptualized into four major themes: 1) Shock (subthemes: Disbelief and Denial); 2) Reaction (subthemes: Distress, Guilt, Loss of self-esteem and Sexual reluctance); 3) Processing (subthemes: Internal processing, Avoidance, Marriage at risk, External processing, Stigma caused by the family and Stigma caused by the community) and 4) Reorientation (subthemes: Forgetting, Marriage to saving marriage and Sexual consent).Conclusion: Infertility can be a challenging condition. Considering that infertility-related issues affect Iranian women more contextual factors is necessary. So, culturally sensitive and gender specific protocols are suggested to provide suitable and about culturally sensitive and gender-specific protocols is a necessity in order to provide suitable care to infertile women. </p

Transmission de la psychanalyse et état de la question à partir de la situation iranienne

Il s’agit ici, à partir de rencontres lors d’un voyage en août 2009 en Iran, de donner à entendre la voix de plusieurs professionnels qui, à travers leur parcours, retracent une histoire de la psychanalyse des dernières décennies dans ce pays. Il est question de sa pratique et de son enseignement. En Iran « nous vivons une phase de transition qui crée la demande d’autres approches « (Dr R), « l’État est obligé de donner le moyen de former des personnes pour répondre à cette demande » (Dr S). Il s’agit de savoir, dans la situation actuelle de l’Iran, quel langage employer. Nous retraçons brièvement l’histoire d’une pratique et d’un enseignement de la psychanalyse qui, dans ce pays, n’en est qu’à ses débuts

COVID-19 and Aggravating Multidimensional Poverty for Vulnerable Populations: Exposed and Trapped

This letter describes the results of the authors' investigations and conclusions regarding the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the multidimensional poverty of vulnerable populations

Le processus de symbolisation à travers le "jeu" des "gens de l'air"

En étudiant le système de soin d'une communauté du sud de l'Iran (ahle hava), nous avons voulu repérer ce qui, dans une suite de rituels, permet au bâbâ (guérisseur) de proposer à une personne l'occasion de " reprendre goût à la vie ". La " métapsychologie du prendre soin " de cette communauté décrit les étapes de prise en charge et de guérison. Le sujet travaillé au corps, cette entreprise aboutit à la nomination d'un vent (l'esprit, le mal qui hante le sujet). Par l'intégration d'une expérience spécifique " dans un " système de pensée ", cette méthode, offrant l'occasion d'une " aventure singulière ", vise l'engendrement d'un point d'identité, à l'origine d'une construction identitaire. La théorie de la pulsion, " mythologie de la psychanalyse ", nous a semblé appropriée pour lire et dégager les fonctions psychiques que mobilise et articule cette entreprise thérapeutique. " Mesure de travail " demandée à l'appareil psychique, la pulsion est l'énergie qui anime le sujet et qui cherche à tout prix à se symboliser. " L'énigme " à l'origine de cette force cherche une signification qui ne peut s'atteindre que par son introduction dans une " dialectique intersubjective ". Il nous a semblé que dans le rituel des ahle hava il s'agissait de l'instauration de cette même dialectique, basée sur le désir et un savoir détenu par l'autre. Dans ce genre de situation, le transfert et le langage deviennent donc des invariants thérapeutiques, cachés derrière les particularités culturelles. C'est leur traitement, basé sur différentes théories , et le prix à payer qui diffèrent dans chaque culture. Quand le bâbâ, en vue d'une adaptation, propose une nomination, un mariage et un sacrifice, le psychanalyste, en quête d'une vérité du sujet, propose une élaboration et une construction qui dans un approfondissement reposent sur un travail de déliaison et " une traversée des périodes infantiles ". Dans les deux cas cela aboutit à un " changement de l'attitude du sujet à l'égard de sa maladie ".In the study of the care system of a community in the South of Iran (ahle hava), practices which enable the bâbâ (healer) to offer to a person the possibility of "regaining the taste of life" by series of rituals were to be located. The "metapsychology of the taking care" of this community is composed of the stages of taking charge of the patient, and his healing. The subject is pummeled around the body. This process ends with the naming of a wind (the spirit, the evil which haunts him). By considering "aparticular experience" in a "system of thought", this method is used for creating a point of identify. The latter will cause of a whole construction of identity, by offering a peculiar adventure.The theory of drive or "the mythology of psychanalysis" seems to be the most appropriate way to read and decipher the mental functionalities which mobilize and articulate this therapeutic undertaking. The instinct being an "amount of activity" of the psychic apparatus, is the energy which drives the subject and which has to be symboliezd definitely. The enigma which is behind this force could only find its significane when introduced in an "intersubjective dialectics". It seems that in the ritual of the ahle hava the establishment of this dialectics based on the desire and the knowledge possessed by the other, is the aim to be reached. In such situations, the transfer and the language become therapeutic invariants, hidden behind cultural particularities. The handling of these two concepts according to various theories and their cost differ in each culture. When the bâbâ offers naming, a wedding and a sacrifice for the adaptation, the psychanalist being in the quest of a truth of the subject, offers an elaboration and a construction which are based on an unbinding work and "a crossing of juvenile periods", when going into it thoroughly. In the both cases, the result isa "change of attitude of the subject towards his illness".PARIS13-BU Droit-Lettres (930792101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Management of patients experiencing anxiety during the coronavirus disease: The main role of healthcare providers in a special crisis

As the coronavirus disease spreads across the world, the rate of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, panic disorder, self-blame, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), feeling guilty, psychosis delirium, and even suicide have been increased in healthcare providers, quarantined family members, and the patients. Inadequate knowledge regarding the route of transmission, incubation period of the virus, being sick or dying, helplessness, isolation because of lockdown states, treatment and safety measures, financial crisis and insecurity regarding the future may cause anxiety.[1,2] Therefore, psychological intervention, supportive care, and symptomatic treatment are needed as adjuvant therapy methods to help the patients. Psychological intervention can integrate the patients into society and reduce their psychological disorders