Increased oxidative stress as a risk factor in chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy

Chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) is a disorder with insidious onset and slow progression, where no etiology is identified despite appropriate investigations. We aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress as a risk factor for the pathogenesis of CIAP. Sera of patients with CIAP were tested for protein carbonyl (PC) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8H). As a control group, we recruited patients with gluten neuropathy. Twenty-one patients with CIAP and 21 controls were recruited. The two groups did not differ significantly regarding demographics or clinical characteristics (i.e., neuropathy type or disease severity). After adjusting for gender, having CIAP was positively correlated with both the 8H titer (standardized beta coefficient 0.349, p = 0.013) and the PC titer (standardized beta coefficient 0.469, p = 0.001). Oxidative stress appears to be increased in CIAP and might have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease

mcr-1 and mcr-2 variant genes identified in Moraxella species isolated from pigs in Great Britain from 2014 to 2015.

Objectives To determine the occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from healthy pigs in Great Britain. Methods Gram-negative bacteria (n"657) isolated from pigs between 2014 and 2015 were examined by WGS. Results Variants of mcr-1 and mcr-2 were identified in Moraxella spp. isolated from pooled caecal contents of healthy pigs at slaughter collected fromsix farms in Great Britain. Other bacteria, including Escherichia coli from the same farms, were not detected harbouring mcr-1 or mcr-2. A Moraxella porci-like isolate, MSG13-C03, harboured MCR-1.10 with 98.7% identity to MCR-1, and a Moraxella pluranimalium-like isolate, MSG47-C17, harboured an MCR-2.2 variant with 87.9% identity to MCR-2, from E. coli; the isolates had colistin MICs of 1–2 mg/L. No intact insertion elements were identified in either MSG13-C03 or MSG47-C17, although MSG13-C03 harboured the conserved nucleotides abutting the ISApl1 composite transposon found in E. coli plasmids and the intervening ~2.6 kb fragment showed 97%identity. SixMoraxella osloensis isolateswere positive for phosphoethanolamine transferase (EptA). They shared 62%–64.5% identity to MCR-1 and MCR-2, with colistin MICs from 2 to 4mg/L. Phylogeneticanalysis indicated that MCR and EptA have evolved froma common ancestor. In addition to mcr, the b-lactamase gene, blaBRO-1,was found in both isolates,whilst the tetracycline resistance gene, tetL,was found inMSG47-C17. Conclusions Our results add further evidence for the mobilization of the mcr-pap2 unit from Moraxella via composite transposons leading to its global dissemination. The presence of mcr-pap2 from recent Moraxella isolates indicates they may comprise a reservoir for mcr.</p

mcr-1 and mcr-2 variant genes identified in Moraxella species isolated from pigs in Great Britain from 2014 to 2015.

Objectives To determine the occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from healthy pigs in Great Britain. Methods Gram-negative bacteria (n"657) isolated from pigs between 2014 and 2015 were examined by WGS. Results Variants of mcr-1 and mcr-2 were identified in Moraxella spp. isolated from pooled caecal contents of healthy pigs at slaughter collected fromsix farms in Great Britain. Other bacteria, including Escherichia coli from the same farms, were not detected harbouring mcr-1 or mcr-2. A Moraxella porci-like isolate, MSG13-C03, harboured MCR-1.10 with 98.7% identity to MCR-1, and a Moraxella pluranimalium-like isolate, MSG47-C17, harboured an MCR-2.2 variant with 87.9% identity to MCR-2, from E. coli; the isolates had colistin MICs of 1–2 mg/L. No intact insertion elements were identified in either MSG13-C03 or MSG47-C17, although MSG13-C03 harboured the conserved nucleotides abutting the ISApl1 composite transposon found in E. coli plasmids and the intervening ~2.6 kb fragment showed 97%identity. SixMoraxella osloensis isolateswere positive for phosphoethanolamine transferase (EptA). They shared 62%–64.5% identity to MCR-1 and MCR-2, with colistin MICs from 2 to 4mg/L. Phylogeneticanalysis indicated that MCR and EptA have evolved froma common ancestor. In addition to mcr, the b-lactamase gene, blaBRO-1,was found in both isolates,whilst the tetracycline resistance gene, tetL,was found inMSG47-C17. Conclusions Our results add further evidence for the mobilization of the mcr-pap2 unit from Moraxella via composite transposons leading to its global dissemination. The presence of mcr-pap2 from recent Moraxella isolates indicates they may comprise a reservoir for mcr.</p