Developmental trajectories of neural mechanisms supporting conflict and error processing in middle childhood

To study age-related changes in cognitive control, event-related potentials (ERPs) of children aged 6-9 years, 10-12 years, and young adults were recorded during a Flanker task. Younger children were more susceptible to conflict than older ones and adults. The N2 in incongruent trials was smaller in younger than older children, who did not differ from adults. The error-related negativity (ERN) following errors, however, was larger in adults than in children, but did not differ between younger and older children. Delayed development of neural responses to error processing relative to conflict monitoring may indicate dissociable maturational time tables of subdivisions of the anterior cingulate corte

A randomized controlled pilot study into the effects of a restricted elimination diet on family structure in families with ADHD and ODD

Behavioural improvements of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) following a restricted elimination diet (RED), may be due to concurrent changes in family environment. Methods: Twenty-four children with ADHD, were randomized to either a 5-week RED intervention, or a control intervention consisting of healthy food advices in a pilot study. Results: No differences in family environment were found, neither at baseline nor when comparing the start and end measurements of both groups. Conclusions: In this pilot study, the effects of an RED on ADHD and ODD are not mediated by improvement of family environment in families motivated to follow an RED. Replication of this preliminary study in larger groups of children is advised

A randomized controlled pilot study into the effects of a restricted elimination diet on family structure in families with ADHD and ODD

Behavioural improvements of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) following a restricted elimination diet (RED), may be due to concurrent changes in family environment. Methods: Twenty-four children with ADHD, were randomized to either a 5-week RED intervention, or a control intervention consisting of healthy food advices in a pilot study. Results: No differences in family environment were found, neither at baseline nor when comparing the start and end measurements of both groups. Conclusions: In this pilot study, the effects of an RED on ADHD and ODD are not mediated by improvement of family environment in families motivated to follow an RED. Replication of this preliminary study in larger groups of children is advised

Study into the Impact of Nutrition on Children with Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD (INCA Study)

Protocol and data INCA trial The file INCAdata.csv contains the data collected during the INCA study (100 records with 152 variables). The data have been analysed and outcomes were published by Pelsser et al (2011): "Effects of a restricted elimination diet on the behaviour of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (INCA study): a randomised controlled trial." The Lancet 377: 494-503 (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62227-1). Further explanation of the variable abbreviations is in the file INCAvar.csv while the coding of categorical variables is in the file INCAvarcode.csv. Also the registered study protocol (see also: http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN76063113/) can be downloaded

An account of experiments for determining the length of the pendulum vibrating seconds, in the latitude of London / by Henry Kater. On the length of the French metre estimated in the parts of the English standard / by Henry Kater. Remarks on the probabilities of error in physical observations ... / by Thomas Young. Observations for ascertaining the length of the pendulum at Madras ... / by John Goldingham. Letter from Captain Basil Hall, R. N. to Captain Kater ... Observations and experiments made at Port Bowen in the years 1824-25, ... / by W.E. Parry, Henry Foster and J.C. Ross. An account of experiments to determine the acceleration of the pendulum in different latitudes / by Edward Sabine. On the reduction to a vacuum of the vibrations of an invariable pendulum / by Edward Sabine. On the reduction to a vacuum of the vibrations of Captain Kater's convertible pendulum / by Edward Sabine.

Objective: The aim of this study was to (a) test the usefulness of visuospatial working memory (VSWM) as an endophenotype for ADHD and (b) study the developmental trajectory of VSWM in ADHD. Method: A total of 110 ADHD patients, 60 unaffected siblings, and 109 controls, aged 8 to 29 years, were assessed on VSWM functioning. Multilevel analyses were carried out to account for the correlation between measurements within families. Results: ADHD patients showed impaired VSWM performance compared with unaffected siblings and controls, with comparable performance between unaffected siblings and controls. Impaired VSWM in ADHD patients was not more pronounced on higher memory loads, signifying executive rather than storage deficits as an underlying mechanism. ADHD patients, unaffected siblings, and controls showed parallel developmental trajectories of VSWM. Conclusion: Current findings question the usefulness of VSWM as a neurocognitive endophenotype for ADHD and provide unique insights into the developmental trajectory of VSWM in ADHD. © 2013 SAGE Publications