Проектная деятельность как средство повышения эффективности общения старшеклассников

The article deals with the project activity and its possible influence on communication effect of senior pupils. It determines the conditions of project activity organization raising the communication effect of senior pupils.В статье рассматриваются возможности и влияние проектной деятельности на эффективность общения старшеклассников. Определены условия организации проектной деятельности, способствующей повышению эффективности общения старшеклассников

Deep-Water Tardigrada of the Istanbul Strait’s (Bosporus) Outlet Area of the Black Sea

The results of investigations of tardigrades (2009-2010) in the Bosporus outlet area of the Black Sea are represented. For the first time two species of tardigrades Dipodarctus subterraneus (Renaud-Debyser, 1959) and Tanarctus ramazzottii (Renaud-Mornant, 1975) are recorded for the Black Sea. Tardigrades are registered on 4 stations at depths range 88-250 m. Average abundance of tardigrades widely varied from 141 to 11 440 ind./m². The vertical distribution of tardigrades in the sediments was analyzed: most specimens (up to 98 %) found in the top 0-1 cm sediment layer.Приведены результаты исследований тихоходок (2009-2010 гг.) в Прибосфорском районе (Чёрное море). Впервые для Чёрного моря зарегистрированы два вида тихоходок Dipodarctus subterraneus (Renaud-Debyser, 1959) и Tanarctus ramazzottii (Renaud-Mornant, 1975). Тихоходки были зарегистрированы на 4 станциях в диапазоне глубин 88-250 м. Средняя численность тихоходок варьировала в широких пределах от 141 до 11 440 экз./м². Проанализировано вертикальное распределение тихоходок в донных осадках: большинство экземпляров (до 98 %) обнаружены в верхнем 0-1 см слое донных осадков

Deep-Water Benthic Polychaetes (Vigtorniella zaikai and Protodrilus sp.) in the Black Sea as Indicators of the Hydrogen Sulfide Zone Boundary

The Black Sea hypoxic layer, situated near the boundary of the hydrogen sulfide zone, is inhabited by the polychaetes Vigtorniella zaikai, Kisseleva, 1992 and Protodrilus sp., which can serve as indicators of the interface between oxic and anoxic water. The maximum number of polychaetes in the northern part of the Black Sea occur at a depth of 150 m, while near Bosporus, where the flow of the Marmara Sea water enters the Black Sea, the peak depth varies from 150 to 250 m.В Чёрном море, в гипоксическом слое, расположенном у границы сероводородной зоны, обитают полихеты Vigtorniella zaikai, Kisseleva, 1992 и Protodrilus sp., которые могут служить индикаторами интерфейса оксических/аноксических вод. Пик поселений полихет в северной половине моря постоянно регистрируется на глубинах около 150 м, тогда как у Босфора, где в Чёрное море впадают воды Мраморного моря, глубина пика неустойчива и меняется от 150 до 250 м

Tinogullmia lukyanovae sp nov - a monothalamous, organic-walled foraminiferan from the coastal Black Sea

Recent studies indicate that monothalamous (single-chambered) foraminifera are an important component of meiobenthic communities in the brackish, coastal waters of the Black Sea. The dominant taxa include Psammophaga and Vellaria, both of which are common in estuarine settings in other parts of the world. Here, we describe Tinogullmia lukyanovae sp. nov. from the Crimean and Caucasus regions of the Black Sea. The new species is several hundreds of microns in size. It is characterized by a more or less symmetrical, spindle-shaped to cylindrical, organic-walled test with two terminal apertural structures, usually in the form of rounded or more elongate, nipple-like projections. The protoplasm is finely granular and a nucleus is not visible. The new species typically occurs in well-oxygenated water at depths of a few tens of metres or less. A specimen from a 250-m deep site off the Caucasus coast, tentatively assigned to T. lukyanovae sp. nov., is of particular interest because it occurs at a depth where the bottom water is anoxic and sulphidic

Hypoxic meiobenthic communities of the Istanbul Strait’s (Bosporus) outlet area of the Black Sea

Meiobenthos abundance and distribution on the Black Sea shelf and the upper slope area off the Bosporus Strait outlet was studied along a depth transect from 75 to 300m water depth. This study represents the first detailed quantitative analysis of the structure and distribution of meiobenthos communities in the transition zone from oxic to anoxic conditions in the Bosporus outlet area of the Black Sea. Meiobenthos was present at all investigated depths and includes 21 taxa. Among these the Nematoda was the dominant taxon. The maximum of total meiobenthos was located at 75m, other peaks occured at 88 m, 103 m, 160 m, 250 m. At 300 water depth of 300 m the amount of the meiobenthos significantly decreased, while the abundance of such groups as the Ciliophora and Nematoda showed a relative increase in abundance extension. Essential taxonomic richness and abundance of meiofauna is observed in the sediment from the surface layer to 5 cm depth. These results suggest that some benthic eukaryotes can tolerate anoxic and sulfidic conditions. Further studies of this region’s fauna are needed to yield more information about the taxonomic composition of benthos in the transitional oxic/anoxic water masses of the Black Sea

SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CONCEPTION OF CONTINUOUS ECONOMIC EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT

The Conception of continuous economic education development developed by us is based on the idea of continuous education, in which economic education is considered as an important structural element in the conditions of the new Russian developing economy. As a result of Russia's transition to a market economy, there is an urgent need for economic training of specialists who successfully work in the new socio-economic conditions, quickly and adequately responding to the changing market conditions. Economic education is aimed at the formation of economic competencies (key, professional and additional), and economic training is carried out in order to: the formation of economic thinking; development of business qualities of an economically educated person; accumulation of knowledge in the field of economy, management, taxation. In the conditions of market type economy professional education is focused on formation of the competitive, demanded in the labor market specialist possessing necessary economic competences which are formed in the course of economic training and economic education including knowledge of the objective economic laws and categories system; formation of economic competences and their realization in economic behavior; development of business qualities of the economically educated person; accumulation of knowledge in the field of economy, management, and taxation. The analysis of the classifications of competencies on various grounds allowed us to develop a structure of economic competence of students, including key, professional, and additional economic competences. The Conception of continuous economic education development developed by us takes into account the idea of continuing education, in which continuing economic education becomes an important structural element of vocational education in the conditions of the new Russian developing economy