ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННОСТЬ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ УЧЕНЫХ РАМН В WEB OF SCIENCE: ОЦЕНКА ТЕКУЩИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ИХ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ

The contribution scientific publications of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) in the national publication stream, indexed by Web of Science over the past thirty years, was estimated. The indicators of publication activity that are necessary for the institutions of RAMS to achieve in short-term period the conformity with bibliometric indicators, established by Presidential Decree of May 7, 2012 (to increase the share of Russian publications in Web of Science to 2.44% in 2015) were calculated. It is shown that the current structure of global science, where publications in medicine make up for approximately one third of scientific publications in the world, set for RAMS scientists particularly difficult task: to double in three years the number of publications in Web of Sci. In the article are proposed the priorities and the necessary steps to fulfill this task. Оценен вклад публикаций ученых РАМН в национальный публикационный массив, отраженный в Web of Science за последние 30 лет. Рассчитаны показатели публикационной активности, которые необходимы НИУ РАМН для достижения в краткосрочной перспективе соответствия библиометрическому индикатору, установленному Указом Президента Российской Федерации от 7 мая 2012 г. (увеличение доли российских публикаций в Web of Science до 2,44% к 2015 г.). Показано, что сложившаяся структура глобальной науки, в которой на медицинские публикации приходится около трети публикационного мирового потока, ставит перед учеными РАМН особенно сложную задачу: удвоить за три года количество публикаций, индексируемых в Web of Science. Рассматриваются первоочередные и необходимые меры для выполнения этой задачи.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИХ ПРОЕКТОВ И ПРИСВОЕНИЯ ИМ СТАТУСА ПРОРЫВНЫХ И МИРОВОГО УРОВНЯ

There was a sharp increase in the number of scientific fields, research fronts, publications and patents in biomedicine in the last five years, whichcomplicates the work of the experts on the selection of projects for priority funding. The approaches to the identification of perspective directionsof research used in the world were examined. An attempt was made of formalization of the concepts of «breakthrough research» and «world levelresearch» in relation to the Russian biomedical projects. The rationale for information support of expert decision-making about the prospects of development of individual areas of research in biomedicine is outlined.Отмечено резкое увеличение числа направлений, фронтов исследований, публикаций и патентов по биомедицине за последние 5 лет, что усложняет работу экспертов по отбору проектов для приоритетного финансирования. Рассмотрены принятые в мире подходы к выявлению перспективных направлений исследований. Предпринята попытка формализации понятий «прорывное исследование» и «исследование мирового уровня» применительно к российским биомедицинским проектам. Приводится обоснование необходимости информационной поддержки принятия экспертных решений о перспективности развития отдельных направлений исследований в области биомедицины

ПУБЛИКАЦИОННАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ РОССИЙСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ НАУКИ В ФОКУСЕ АКТУАЛЬНОЙ НАУЧНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ: ОЦЕНКА ДОСТИЖИМОСТИ ЦЕЛЕВЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ

A comprehensive review of National research policy papers issued over the past 6 years was carried out. A set of problems concerning the quality of predicted values of some bibliometric indicators reflecting the level of research performance and publication activity that were declared in governmental documents was discussed. Basic metrics of scientific performance that should be required to achieve the goals declared in the recent governmental policy papers including President’s Executive Order № 599 of May 7, 2012 (increasing the share of Russian researchers’ publications in the total number of publications in international scientific journals indexed in the Web of Science up to 2,44% in 2015). Taking into account the current structure of modern global science in which papers in biomedical subjects make up for approximately one third of the total world scientific output, it becomes obvious how difficult is the governmental task set up to the researchers — to double the number of journal publications indexed in Web of Science in the short-term period of the nearest three years. The priorities and reasonable goal-oriented efforts to meet the targets are proposed in the paper. Проведен анализ государственных программных документов по научной политике, в которых использовались индикаторы публикационной активности и прогнозные оценки роста результативности отечественных научных исследований. Рассчитаны основные показатели публикационной активности, которые должны быть достигнуты профессиональным медицинским сообществом, чтобы соответствовать целевым библиометрическим индикаторам, заявленным в Указе Президента № 599 от 7 мая 2012 г. (увеличение доли российских публикаций в Web of Science до 2,44% к 2015 г.), и в «Стратегии развития медицинской науки до 2025 г.» Показано, что глобальная наука, в сложившейся структуре которой на биомедицинские статьи приходится около 1/3 публикационного мирового потока, ставит перед российским медицинским сообществом очень сложную задачу: удвоить за 3 года число публикаций, индексируемых в Web of Science. Рассмотрены первоочередные и необходимые меры для выполнения этой задачи.

АНАЛИЗ ПУБЛИКАЦИОННОГО ПОТОКА РАМН ЗА 2011 Г. И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ ЕГО ОБЪЕМОВ И АВТОРИТЕТНОСТИ В СООТВЕТСТВИИ С ИНДИКАТОРАМИ «ПРОГРАММЫ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ГОСАКАДЕМИЙ НА 2013–2020 ГГ.»

The scope of bibliometric research is focused on academic output of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) in 2011 by analyzing the data extracted from the Web of Science database and InCites application Research Performance Profile of RAMS. Using these analytical tools trends in dynamics of publications and citing of the RAMS researchers were calculated and the level of scientific output in some biomedical subject areas was estimated. Studies revealed the great importance of international collaboration and international coauthorship for RAMS in producing papers published in established scholarly journals. Basic metrics of scientific performance that should be required to achieve the goals declared in the recent governmental policy papers were measured for RAMS institutions as well. Another problem investigated in this research is the problem of low citedness of RAMS journal papers indexed in WoS. Factors and reasons influenced on low citedness were discovered In conclusion authors set out priorities and reasonable goal-oriented efforts to achieve better results in publication activity. В работе представлено библиометрическое исследование публикационного потока ученых Российской академии медицинских наук (РАМН) в международной аналитико-библиографической системе Web of Science за 2011 г. В рамках исследования был изучен профиль научной продуктивности РАМН в аналитическом приложении InCites. Выполнен анализ динамики публикационной активности и цитируемости публикаций сотрудников институтов РАМН, оценен уровень научной производительности и продуктивности отдельных исследовательских направлений, а также эффективность международного научного сотрудничества. Дана оценка соответствия реальных показателей результативности научной деятельности РАМН прогнозным значениям индикаторов публикационной активности, заявленным в ряде программных правительственных документов. Исследована проблема общей низкой цитируемости публикаций исследователей из РАМН и осуществленн анализ факторов, влияющих на уровень цитируемости отечественных работ в области биомедицины. В заключении даются рекомендации по росту публикационной и цитатной активности для публикаций РАМН. 

Effects of rapid prey evolution on predator-prey cycles

We study the qualitative properties of population cycles in a predator-prey system where genetic variability allows contemporary rapid evolution of the prey. Previous numerical studies have found that prey evolution in response to changing predation risk can have major quantitative and qualitative effects on predator-prey cycles, including: (i) large increases in cycle period, (ii) changes in phase relations (so that predator and prey are cycling exactly out of phase, rather than the classical quarter-period phase lag), and (iii) "cryptic" cycles in which total prey density remains nearly constant while predator density and prey traits cycle. Here we focus on a chemostat model motivated by our experimental system [Fussmann et al. 2000,Yoshida et al. 2003] with algae (prey) and rotifers (predators), in which the prey exhibit rapid evolution in their level of defense against predation. We show that the effects of rapid prey evolution are robust and general, and furthermore that they occur in a specific but biologically relevant region of parameter space: when traits that greatly reduce predation risk are relatively cheap (in terms of reductions in other fitness components), when there is coexistence between the two prey types and the predator, and when the interaction between predators and undefended prey alone would produce cycles. Because defense has been shown to be inexpensive, even cost-free, in a number of systems [Andersson and Levin 1999, Gagneux et al. 2006,Yoshida et al. 2004], our discoveries may well be reproduced in other model systems, and in nature. Finally, some of our key results are extended to a general model in which functional forms for the predation rate and prey birth rate are not specified.Comment: 35 pages, 8 figure

Stability of Spatial Optical Solitons

We present a brief overview of the basic concepts of the soliton stability theory and discuss some characteristic examples of the instability-induced soliton dynamics, in application to spatial optical solitons described by the NLS-type nonlinear models and their generalizations. In particular, we demonstrate that the soliton internal modes are responsible for the appearance of the soliton instability, and outline an analytical approach based on a multi-scale asymptotic technique that allows to analyze the soliton dynamics near the marginal stability point. We also discuss some results of the rigorous linear stability analysis of fundamental solitary waves and nonlinear impurity modes. Finally, we demonstrate that multi-hump vector solitary waves may become stable in some nonlinear models, and discuss the examples of stable (1+1)-dimensional composite solitons and (2+1)-dimensional dipole-mode solitons in a model of two incoherently interacting optical beams.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures; to be published in: "Spatial Optical Solitons", Eds. W. Torruellas and S. Trillo (Springer, New York

Stability of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates

In three-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), described by the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii-Ginzburg equation, we study the effect of initial conditions on stability using a Gaussian variational approach and exact numerical simulations. We also discuss the validity of the criterion for stability suggested by Vakhitov and Kolokolov. The maximum initial chirp (initial focusing defocusing of cloud) that can lead a stable condensate to collapse even before the number of atoms reaches its critical limit is obtained for several specific cases. When we consider two- and three-body nonlinear terms, with negative cubic and positive quintic terms, we have the conditions for the existence of two phases in the condensate. In this case, the magnitude of the oscillations between the two phases are studied considering sufficient large initial chirps. The occurrence of collapse in a BEC with repulsive two-body interaction is also shown to be possible.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure

Demonstration of the temporal matter-wave Talbot effect for trapped matter waves

We demonstrate the temporal Talbot effect for trapped matter waves using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. We investigate the phase evolution of an array of essentially non-interacting matter waves and observe matter-wave collapse and revival in the form of a Talbot interference pattern. By using long expansion times, we image momentum space with sub-recoil resolution, allowing us to observe fractional Talbot fringes up to 10th order.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure