2,923 research outputs found

    Improving WAsP predictions in (too) complex terrain

    Get PDF

    UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

    Get PDF
    Οι τεχνικές της Τηλεπισκόπησης και της Φωτογραμμετρίας ανέκαθεν χρησιμοποιούνταν σε γεωλογικές εφαρμογές. Η πρόοδος της τεχνολογίας των μη Επανδρωμένων Αέριων Οχημάτων (UAV), σε συνδυασμό με τη συνεχόμενη μείωση του κόστους απόκτησης των και την αυξημένη διαθεσιμότητα φωτογραμμετρικού λογισμικού, καθιστούν ολοένα και πιο δημοφιλή την επιλογή τους για μικρής έκτασης και μεγάλης κλίμακας χαρτογραφήσεις. Με τη χρήση των UAVs σε χαρτογραφήσεις, ξεπερνιούνται τα προβλήματα του αυξημένου κόστους, της κατανάλωσης χρόνου και των πιθανών δυσκολιών στην προσβασιμότητα –λόγω απότομου αναγλύφου. Σε αυτή τη μελέτη, ένα εξακόπτερο UAV το οποίο φέρει δύο κάμερες, χρησιμοποιείται γα την παρακολούθηση δύο πολύπλοκων –από πλευράς τοπογραφίας- περιοχών στη Δυτική Ελλάδα. Ένα λατομείο ασβεστολίθου και μία κατολίσθηση επί αμμοαργιλωδών ιζηματογενών πετρωμάτων. Και οι δύο περιοχές χαρτογραφήθηκαν με τη βοήθεια τοπογραφικών οργάνων, όπως ταχύμετρα και γεωδαιτικά GPS, όπως επίσης και με το προαναφερθέν UAV. Τρισδιάστατα μοντέλα δημιουργήθηκαν και για τις δύο περιοχές 1663 με τη χρήση ειδικού φωτογραμμετρικού λογισμικού. Για τη δημιουργία των τρισδιάστατων μοντέλων, πολλαπλοί στόχοι τοποθετήθηκαν στο έδαφος και μετρήθηκαν με τη βοήθεια διαφορικού GPS για να χρησιμοποιηθούν ως σημεία εδαφικού ελέγχου. Οι στόχοι αυτοί με γνωστές συντεταγμένες μπορούσαν εύκολα να εντοπιστούν στις υψηλής ανάλυσης αεροφωτογραφίες, και να χρησιμοποιηθούν στην φωτογραμμετρική διαδικασία για να διατηρηθεί χαμηλό το σφάλμα RMS, κατά τη διάρκεια της δημιουργίας Ψηφιακού Μοντέλου Επιφανείας και ορθοεικόνων. Επιπρόσθετα, εξετάστηκε το κατά πόσο οι όποιες παραμορφώσεις προκαλούνται από τον ευρυγώνιο φακό των καμερών επηρεάζουν τη συνολική γεωμετρική ακρίβεια των μοντέλων. Τέλος, τα τρισδιάστατα μοντέλα συγκρίθηκαν με τις τοπογραφικές μετρήσεις και τα αποτελέσματα παρουσιάζονται σε αυτή τη μελέτη.Remote Sensing and photogrammetric techniques have always been used in geological applications. Current advancements in the technology behind Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), in accordance with the consecutive increase in affordability of such devices and the availability of photogrammetric software, makes their use for large or small scale land mapping more and more popular. With the UAVs being used for mapping, the problems of increased costs, time consumption and the possible accessibility problems -due to steep terrain-, are all solved at once. In this study, a custom-made UAV with 2 cameras onboard, is used to monitor two complex –regarding their topography- regions in Western Greece. One open pit limestone mine and a landslide occurring on sandy-clayous sediments. Both regions were mapped using surveying instruments like tachymeters and geodetic GPS, as well as using the aforementioned UAV system. 3D models of both regions were created using off-the-shelf photogrammetric software. For the creation of the 3D models, multiple targets were placed on the ground, to indicate GCPs with precisely known coordinates that could be identified in the high-resolution air photos, in order to maintain low Root Mean Square Error, while creating the DSMs and Orthophotos. In addition, the fish-eye effect caused by the cameras’ wide-angle lens was taken into consideration, regarding whether or not it affects the models’ overall geometric accuracy. Finally, the 3D models were compared to the survey measurements and the results are presented in this paper.

    The f-vector of the descent polytope

    Full text link
    For a positive integer n and a subset S of [n-1], the descent polytope DP_S is the set of points x_1, ..., x_n in the n-dimensional unit cube [0,1]^n such that x_i >= x_{i+1} for i in S and x_i <= x_{i+1} otherwise. First, we express the f-vector of DP_S as a sum over all subsets of [n-1]. Second, we use certain factorizations of the associated word over a two-letter alphabet to describe the f-vector. We show that the f-vector is maximized when the set S is the alternating set {1,3,5, ...}. We derive a generating function for the f-polynomial F_S(t) of DP_S, written as a formal power series in two non-commuting variables with coefficients in Z[t]. We also obtain the generating function for the Ehrhart polynomials of the descent polytopes.Comment: 14 pages; to appear in Discrete & Computational Geometr

    Nonlinear Dynamics in Distributed Systems

    Full text link
    We build on a previous statistical model for distributed systems and formulate it in a way that the deterministic and stochastic processes within the system are clearly separable. We show how internal fluctuations can be analysed in a systematic way using Van Kanpen's expansion method for Markov processes. We present some results for both stationary and time-dependent states. Our approach allows the effect of fluctuations to be explored, particularly in finite systems where such processes assume increasing importance.Comment: Two parts: 8 pages LaTeX file and 5 (uuencoded) figures in Postscript forma

    Assessment of the effectiveness of head only and back-of-the-head electrical stunning of chickens

    Get PDF
    The study assesses the effectiveness of reversible head-only and back-of-the-head electrical stunning of chickens using 130–950 mA per bird at 50 Hz AC

    Quantum Fluctuations of Radiation Pressure

    Full text link
    Quantum fluctuations of electromagnetic radiation pressure are discussed. We use an approach based on the quantum stress tensor to calculate the fluctuations in velocity and position of a mirror subjected to electromagnetic radiation. Our approach reveals that radiation pressure fluctuations are due to a cross term between vacuum and state dependent terms in a stress tensor operator product. Thus observation of these fluctuations would entail experimental confirmation of this cross term. We first analyze the pressure fluctuations on a single, perfectly reflecting mirror, and then study the case of an interferometer. This involves a study of the effects of multiple bounces in one arm, as well as the correlations of the pressure fluctuations between arms of the interferometer. In all cases, our results are consistent with those previously obtained by Caves using different mehods.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures, RevTe

    Direct approach to the problem of strong local minima in Calculus of Variations

    Full text link
    The paper introduces a general strategy for identifying strong local minimizers of variational functionals. It is based on the idea that any variation of the integral functional can be evaluated directly in terms of the appropriate parameterized measures. We demonstrate our approach on a problem of W^{1,infinity} weak-* local minima--a slight weakening of the classical notion of strong local minima. We obtain the first quasiconvexity-based set of sufficient conditions for W^{1,infinity} weak-* local minima.Comment: 26 pages, no figure
    corecore