Kajian ruang awam dalam bangunan tinggi didalam aspek penempatan

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti penggunaan rekabentuk ruang awam serta kepentingannya dalam bangunan tinggi. Penerapan rekabentuk ruang awam dalam bangunan tinggi memberi impak dari sudut ekonomi kepada pemaju dan aspek sosial orang awam. Sesetengah pemaju yang terlalu memikirkan keuntungan sehingga mengabaikan rekabentuk ruang awam serta kemudahan-kemudahan yang patut disediakan. Kajian kes dilakukan terhadap reka bentuk dan penerapan ruang awam beberapa bangunan tinggi. Penerangan terhadap ruang awam ini dapat memberi gambaran dan maklumat untuk projek studio senibina seterusnya dan menjadi rujukan bersama para pengkaji bangunan tinggi

Simulations of full impact of the Large Hadron Collider beam with a solid graphite target

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will operate with 7TeV/c protons with a luminosity of 1034cm−2s−1. This requires two beams, each with 2808 bunches. The nominal intensity per bunch is 1.15×1011 protons and the total energy stored in each beam is 362 MJ. In previous papers, the mechanisms causing equipment damage in case of a failure of the machine protection system was discussed, assuming that the entire beam is deflected onto a copper target. Another failure scenario is the deflection of beam, or part of it, into carbon material. Carbon collimators and beam absorbers are installed in many locations around the LHC close to the beam, since carbon is the material that is most suitable to absorb the beam energy without being damaged. In case of a failure, it is very likely that such absorbers are hit first, for example, when the beam is accidentally deflected. Some type of failures needs to be anticipated, such as accidental firing of injection and extraction kicker magnets leading to a wrong deflection of a few bunches. Protection of LHC equipment relies on the capture of wrongly deflected bunches with beam absorbers that are positioned close to the beam. For maximum robustness, the absorbers jaws are made out of carbon materials. It has been demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that carbon survives the impact of a few bunches expected for such failures. However, beam absorbers are not designed for major failures in the protection system, such as the beam dump kicker deflecting the entire beam by a wrong angle. Since beam absorbers are closest to the beam, it is likely that they are hit first in any case of accidental beam loss. In the present paper we present numerical simulations using carbon as target material in order to estimate the damage caused to carbon absorbers in case of major beam impac

Prospects of high energy density physics research using the CERN super proton synchrotron (SPS)

The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) will serve as an injector to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN as well as it is used to accelerate and extract proton beams for fixed target experiments. In either case, safety of operation is a very important issue that needs to be carefully addressed. This paper presents detailed numerical simulations of the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic response of solid targets made of copper and tungsten that experience impact of a full SPS beam comprized of 288 bunches of 450 GeV/c protons. These simulations have shown that the material will be seriously damaged if such an accident happens. An interesting outcome of this work is that the SPS can be used to carry out dedicated experiments to study High Energy Density (HED) states in matte

OPTIMIZATION OF COMPRESSION MOULDING PARAMETERS FOR MULTI FILLER POLYMER COMPOSITE USING TAGUCHI METHOD

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) performance depends on the properties of bipolar plates (BP). In order to produce the best performance of BP, compression moulding parameters need to be optimized. This study determined the compression moulding parameters of Graphite (G) / Carbon Black (CB) / Carbon Fiber (CF) / Polypropylene (PP) composites using Taguchi method (TM) in order to optimize the properties of BP plate. L9 Orthogonal Array with four factors and three levels was chosen as a design of experiment for G/CB/CF/PP composition with a weight percentage of 50/25/5/20. The factors selected for this study were heating temperature, load, preheating pressing time and pressing time. The electrical conductivity value of each sample was analyzed by signal to noise ratio using TM with the larger-the-better condition in order to determine the optimum parameters. Confirmation experiment was conducted to validate the optimum parameters obtained from the TM. The electrical conductivity result of G/CB/CF/PP composites for confirmation experiment was 393.49 S/cm and it was higher than nine trials and the TM predicted value. Hence, the optimum parameters of compression moulding can be obtained using TM to improve the electrical conductivity of G/CB/CF/PP composites. TM is an effective way to get the optimal moulding parameters for G/CB/CF/PP composites and is very useful to fabricate bipolar plate for PEMFC

A system of sustainable building construction materials incorporating the raised floor innovation – the Tasik Chini Research Centre experience

The Malaysian construction industry sector covers the aspects of the planning, design, conservation, demolition and repairing of various types of buildings and all types of mechanical and civil engineering works as well as other field work involved. It has attracted many researchers and most studies that have been done on the construction industry revolved around the study of technology as a design analysis. However, in reality it is still largely dependant on a conventional system established decades ago. This paper intends to propose a system of sustainable construction materials by redefining the traditional Malay architecture element of the raised floor and its innovation with the Industrialised Building System (IBS). The paper will present experience from Tasik Chini Research Centre of UKM as an alternative solution in providing a more significant and comprehensive construction process, offering fast and efficient system using components or materials that are sustainable. The development in itself incorporated the philosophy of or treading the earth gently, a development aimed at reducing the impact on the environment by lifting buildings from the ground. It complied with UNESCO development guidelines and the Strategic Implementation Action Plan for Tasik Chini's Biosphere Reserves. The development used traditional architectural principles as references and applied the many significant constructs and variables that may influence development in a tropical setting. A raised floor architectural concept was integrated with a structural system, thus providing a diverse range of functions. An IBS systems was implemented with the use of structures, floor panels and modular walls using low thermal mass (low thermal mass) materials, as well as green roofs with green concrete use to prevent heat from sunlight. It proposes a new paradigm in architecture that includes sustainability concern, technological simplicity as well as social aspiration and architectural identity. The system is designed to incorporate many passive design principles and climatic controls that combine with the use of IBS thus making it an efficient and easy-to-install system