Some aspects of natural gases distribution on the territory of Georgia

Natural gases possess a vast impact in the formation of groundwater physical and chemical properties. Most of them are connected with the mineral waters, the rest of their exposures are represented as “oil” gases or as a gas accumulation areas. Natural gases are very sensitive indicators of geological, in particular, of geotectonic conditions. Thus, as it should be expected, the distribution pattern of natural gases clearly reveals the particularities of the geological structure on the territory of Georgia. The geotectonic elements, which are allocated within these borders, in accordance with the folding, the geological development age and history, are characterized by the corresponding gas compositions and geochemical propertie

Using Stable Isotopes Application for Assessment Water Resource Under the Climate Change Condition

კვლევების მიზანს წარმოადგენდა მიწისქეშა წყლების რესურსების შეფასება გვალვის პერიოდის პროგნოზირებისთვის. კვლევების პერიოდში ორგანიზება გაუკეთდა მეტეო და ჰიდროლოგიურ სამონიტორინგო ქსელს სამი მდინარის აუზში. გაანალიზდა თოვლის დაგროვების, თოვლისა დნობისა და მისი ჩაჟონვის პროცესები სტაბილური იზოტოპების (18O, 2H) მეთოდის გამოყენებით. დადგინდა რომ თოვლი წილი ნალექებში 30%, თოვლის ნაჟური წყლის წილი საერთო ნალექებში (მაქსიმალური წილი 50%) და ნალექების გადადგილების დრო თითიეული უბნისთვის (2-3 წელიწადი).The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate groundwater resources for predict the drought period. During the study was organizing the meteorological, hydrological monitoring network into three river basins. Analyzed of snow accumulation, snow melting and runoff process, using stable isotopes (18O, 2H) application. Although snowfall represents just about 30% of annual precipitation, snowmelt water is an important source of water for the rivers (maximum contribution about 50%). The mean transit time of groundwater about 2-3 years

Investigation Alazani-Iori catchment using stable isotopes

ალაზანი-იორის წყალშემკრებ აუზებში, მიწისქვეშა წყლების რესურსების შესწავლის მიზნით პირველად ტარდება კვლევები ბუნებრივი იზოტოპებისა და ჰიდროქიმიური მეთოდების გამოყენებით. პირველ ეტაპზე, წყალშემცველი ჰორიზონტების კვების და განტვირთვის არეალებში, ორგანიზება გაუკეთდა რეჟიმულ დაკვირვებებს ჰაერის ტემეპარატურას, ტენიანობასა და ატმოსფერულ ნალექებზე. მდინარე ალაზანსა და იორზე დაიწყო რეჟიმული დაკვირვებები მდინარის დონესა და ხარჯზე და ასევე მიწისქვეშა წყლების დონეებზე ლაგოდეხსა და დედოფლის წყაროში. იზოტოპური მასალის ანალიზმა დააფიქსირა სეზონური ვარიაციები მათ ცვლილებაში და განსხვავებები მათ მნიშვნელობებში, სადგურების გეოგრაფიულ მდებარეობისა და სიმაღლის მიხედვით, რაც სრულად ეთანხმება მსოფლიოში იზოტოპების გავრცელების ზოგად კანონზომიერებებს

The A-allele of the FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with decreased proportion of slow oxidative muscle fibers and over-represented in heavier athletes

© 2019 National Strength and Conditioning Association. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of the FTO T > A (rs9939609) polymorphism in elite athletes from 2 cohorts (Brazil and Russia), as well as to find a relationship between FTO genotypes and muscle fiber composition. A total of 677 athletes and 652 nonathletes were evaluated in the Brazilian cohort, whereas a total of 920 athletes and 754 nonathletes were evaluated in the Russian cohort. It was found a trend for a lower frequency of A/A genotype in long-distance athletes compared with nonathletes (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65; p = 0.054). By contrast, it was found an increased frequency of the A-allele in Russian power athletes. The presence of the T/A + A/A genotypes rather than T/T increased the OR of being a Russian power athlete compared with matched nonathletes (OR: 1.45; p = 0.002). Different from that observed in combat sports athletes of lighter weight categories, the A-allele was also over-represented in combat sports athletes of heavier weight categories. The presence of the T/A + A/A genotypes rather than T/T increased the OR of being a combat sports athlete of heavier weight categories compared with nonathletes (OR: 1.79; p = 0.018). Regarding the muscle fibers, we found that carriers of the A/A genotype had less slow-twitch muscle fibers than T-allele carriers (p = 0.029). In conclusion, the A/A genotype of the FTO T > A polymorphism is underrepresented in athletes more reliant on a lean phenotype and associated with decreased proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers, while is over-represented in strength and heavier athletes

The A-allele of the FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with decreased proportion of slow oxidative muscle fibers and over-represented in heavier athletes

© 2019 National Strength and Conditioning Association. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of the FTO T > A (rs9939609) polymorphism in elite athletes from 2 cohorts (Brazil and Russia), as well as to find a relationship between FTO genotypes and muscle fiber composition. A total of 677 athletes and 652 nonathletes were evaluated in the Brazilian cohort, whereas a total of 920 athletes and 754 nonathletes were evaluated in the Russian cohort. It was found a trend for a lower frequency of A/A genotype in long-distance athletes compared with nonathletes (odds ratio [OR]: 0.65; p = 0.054). By contrast, it was found an increased frequency of the A-allele in Russian power athletes. The presence of the T/A + A/A genotypes rather than T/T increased the OR of being a Russian power athlete compared with matched nonathletes (OR: 1.45; p = 0.002). Different from that observed in combat sports athletes of lighter weight categories, the A-allele was also over-represented in combat sports athletes of heavier weight categories. The presence of the T/A + A/A genotypes rather than T/T increased the OR of being a combat sports athlete of heavier weight categories compared with nonathletes (OR: 1.79; p = 0.018). Regarding the muscle fibers, we found that carriers of the A/A genotype had less slow-twitch muscle fibers than T-allele carriers (p = 0.029). In conclusion, the A/A genotype of the FTO T > A polymorphism is underrepresented in athletes more reliant on a lean phenotype and associated with decreased proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers, while is over-represented in strength and heavier athletes

Three DNA Polymorphisms Previously Identified as Markers for Handgrip Strength Are Associated With Strength in Weightlifters and Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy

Grishina, EE, Zmijewski, P, Semenova, EA, Cięszczyk, P, Humińska-Lisowska, K, Michałowska-Sawczyn, M, Maculewicz, E, Crewther, B, Orysiak, J, Kostryukova, ES, Kulemin, NA, Borisov, OV, Khabibova, SA, Larin, AK, Pavlenko, AV, Lyubaeva, EV, Popov, DV, Lysenko, EA, Vepkhvadze, TF, Lednev, EM, Bondareva, EA, Erskine, RM, Generozov, EV, and Ahmetov, II. Three DNA polymorphisms previously identified as markers for handgrip strength are associated with strength in weightlifters and muscle fiber hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2602-2607, 2019-Muscle strength is a highly heritable trait. So far, 196 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with handgrip strength have been identified in 3 genome-wide association studies. The aim of our study was to validate the association of 35 SNPs with strength of elite Russian weightlifters and replicate the study in Polish weightlifters. Genotyping was performed using micro-array analysis or real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that the rs12055409 G-allele near the MLN gene (p = 0.004), the rs4626333 G-allele near the ZNF608 gene (p = 0.0338), and the rs2273555 A-allele in the GBF1 gene (p = 0.0099) were associated with greater competition results (total lifts in snatch and clean and jerk adjusted for sex and weight) in 53 elite Russian weightlifters. In the replication study of 76 sub-elite Polish weightlifters, rs4626333 GG homozygotes demonstrated greater competition results (p = 0.0155) and relative muscle mass (p = 0.046), adjusted for sex, weight, and age, compared with carriers of the A-allele. In the following studies, we tested the hypotheses that these SNPs would be associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy and handgrip strength. We found that the number of strength-associated alleles was positively associated with fast-twitch muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the independent cohort of 20 male power athletes (p = 0.021) and with handgrip strength in 87 physically active individuals (p = 0.015). In conclusion, by replicating previous findings in 4 independent studies, we demonstrate that the rs12055409 G-, rs4626333 G-, and rs2273555 A-alleles are associated with higher levels of strength, muscle mass, and muscle fiber size