15 research outputs found
Order and Frustration in Chiral Liquid Crystals
This paper reviews the complex ordered structures induced by chirality in
liquid crystals. In general, chirality favors a twist in the orientation of
liquid-crystal molecules. In some cases, as in the cholesteric phase, this
favored twist can be achieved without any defects. More often, the favored
twist competes with applied electric or magnetic fields or with geometric
constraints, leading to frustration. In response to this frustration, the
system develops ordered structures with periodic arrays of defects. The
simplest example of such a structure is the lattice of domains and domain walls
in a cholesteric phase under a magnetic field. More complex examples include
defect structures formed in two-dimensional films of chiral liquid crystals.
The same considerations of chirality and defects apply to three-dimensional
structures, such as the twist-grain-boundary and moire phases.Comment: 39 pages, RevTeX, 14 included eps figure
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
The objective of this study was to investigate structural changes of the lower respiratory tract using clinical and functional characteristics and biomarkers of inflammation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods. This observational cohort study involved 101 symptomatic patients with acute exacerbation of COPD who met 2 or 3 Anthonisen's criteria. According to high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings patients were divided into two groups: 57 patients with COPD and bronchiolitis and 44 people with COPD and no signs of bronchiole lesion. Clinical manifestation, lung function, respiratory failure, structural changes in the lung parenchyma and biomarkers of adaptive immune response were analyzed.Results. Inflammatory changes in small bronchi and bronchioles in patients with acute COPD exacer bation was associated with more severe exacerbation, occurrence of the respiratory failure, need in respiratory support, lung parenchyma consolidation, increased sputum purulence, lower total serum immunoglobulin E as a marker of humoral immune response.Conclusion. Inflammation in bronchioles in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD is associated with more severe respiratory failure and need in respiratory support. Consolidation of the lung parenchyma is noted more often in patients with COPD and co existing bronchiolitis. Exacerbation of COPD accompanied by bronchiolitis is characterized by less prominent humoral immune hypersensitivity response that could be diagnosed by the total serumimmunoglobulin E level.Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π₯ΠΠΠ) ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ’) Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ (n = 101) Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π₯ΠΠΠ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ 2 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ N.R.Anthonisen et al. (1987). ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠ’ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° 2 ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: Π² 1Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π₯ΠΠΠ (n = 57) Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΎ 2Ρ (n = 44) β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠΎΠ». ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ΠΠ), ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π₯ΠΠΠ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠΎΠ» Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΠ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΡ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π
OSOBENNOSTI POKAZATELEY UL'TRASONOMETRII ZhENSKOGO NASELENIYa GORODA ChELYaBINSKA
Characteristic feature of ultrasonic densitometry have been investigated in women,s population of Chelyabinsk (n=200) from 25 to 65 years old. We used domestically produced Echoosteometr-02. A basis of a body of the lower jaw became a new area for ultrasonic densitometry. We can recommend a lower jaw as a new area for ultrasonic densitometry taking into account high pithiness of data in a combination with simplicity of research. Traditional localizations have been also applied: proximal phalanges of the hand, patella, tibia diaphysis and calcaneus bones of the right and left sides. We have established a "peak" values of a speed of the ultrasound wave for the given bones. Also we have found that a tubular bones and a large spongy bone - a lower jaw - possess the highest speed of an ultrasound wave, and the speed was mach less in a small spongy bones, that is caused by their anatomic structure. Ultrasound densitometry parameters of the peripheral skeleton start to reduce from 40-50 years behind exception patella - from 55 years. The lowest values were in group of women of 60-65 years. The rates of ultrasonic densitometry received by us are possible to use for women population of Chelyabinsk
Mesomorphic Properties and Computer Simulation of Guanazole Derivatives and Their Mixtures
An investigation of the mesomorphic properties of 3,5-diamino-1-dodecyl-1,2,4-triazole and 3-amino-1,5-dodecyl-1,2,4-triazole binary mixture in the ratio of 1:0.75 (four molecules of the first compound and three of the second) was performed. By means of polarizing optical microscopy, it was discovered that the experimentally obtained binary mixture possesses enantiotropic mesomorphic properties (SmA phase). With the help of the molecular dynamics simulation of both individual triazole derivatives and their binary mixture, it was shown that the SmA-mesophase is caused by the presence of the di-dodecyl substituted triazole derivative
Mesomorphic Properties and Computer Simulation of Guanazole Derivatives and Their Mixtures
An investigation of the mesomorphic properties of 3,5-diamino-1-dodecyl-1,2,4-triazole and 3-amino-1,5-dodecyl-1,2,4-triazole binary mixture in the ratio of 1:0.75 (four molecules of the first compound and three of the second) was performed. By means of polarizing optical microscopy, it was discovered that the experimentally obtained binary mixture possesses enantiotropic mesomorphic properties (SmA phase). With the help of the molecular dynamics simulation of both individual triazole derivatives and their binary mixture, it was shown that the SmA-mesophase is caused by the presence of the di-dodecyl substituted triazole derivative