Surface reactions with participation of oxides of molybdenum and tungsten: the influence of external factors

This work is a continuation of the article “Surface reactions with participation of oxides of molybdenum and tungsten”, published in the previous issue of the journal. The influence of the electric field and the pressure of oxygen in the gas phase on the rate of surface reactions for the synthesis of molybdates of manganese and copper were investigated. It’s found that for the synthesis reaction of molybdate of copper the nature of the dependency of the rate of synthesis and rate of surface reactions from the external parameters are the same, indicating the crucial contribution of surface diffusion to the reactive mass transfer. For the synthesis reaction of molybdate of manganese the dependences of the rate of synthesis and of rate of surface reactions by external parameters differ, indicating that for this reaction, surface diffusion isn’t the main mechanism of mass transfer

Analysis of the placental tissue transcriptome of normal and preeclampsia complicated pregnancies

Preeclampsia is one of the most severe gestational complications which is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. A growth in the incidence of severe and combined forms of the pathology has been observed in recent years. According to modern concepts, inadequate cytotrophoblast invasion into the spiral arteries of the uterus and development of the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome in the placental tissue play the leading role in the development of preeclampsia, which is characterized by multipleorgan failure. In this regard, our work was aimed at studying the patterns of placental tissue transcriptome that are specific to females with PE and with physiological pregnancy, as well as identifying the potential promising biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of this pathology. We have identified 63 genes whose expression proved to differ significantly in the placental tissue of females with PE and with physiological pregnancy. A cluster of differentially expressed genes (DEG) whose expression level is increased in patients with preeclampsia includes not only the known candidate genes that have been identified in many other genome-wide studies (e.g., LEP, BHLHB2, SIGLEC6, RDH13, BCL6), but also new genes (ANKRD37, SYDE1, CYBA, ITGB2, etc.), which can be considered as new biological markers of preeclampsia and are of further interest. The results of a functional annotation of DEG show that the development of preeclampsia may be related to a stress response, immune processes, the regulation of cell-cell interactions, intracellular signaling cascades, etc. In addition, the features of the differential gene expression depending on preeclampsia severity were revealed. We have found evidence of the important role of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the failure of immunological tolerance and initiation of the pro-inflammatory cascade in the development of severe preeclampsia. The results obtained elaborate the concept of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and contain the information necessary to work out measures for targeted therapy of this disease.

Activity of lectins of winter wheat seedlings infected with mycoplasma and treated with salicylic acid

Changes in activity of soluble and cell wall lectins have been revealed in seedlings of winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. cultivar Mironovskaya 808 after infection with mycoplasma Acholeplasma laidlawii 118. The protective effect of salicylic acid was manifested as negating the bursts of lectin activity induced by mycoplasma infection. © 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc

Change in lectin specificity of winter wheat seedlings in the course of infection with mycoplasms

The activity of soluble lectins in leaves and roots of seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Mironovskaya 808 increased 1 day and 2 days, respectively, after infection with the mycoplasma Acholeplasma laidlawii 118. Analysis of acid-soluble proteins of wheat leaves by PAGE revealed the appearance of 22- and 20-kDa polypeptides, the disappearance of a 14-kDa polypeptide, and an increase in the content of polypeptides with molecular weights of 76, 48, 25, and 18 kDa. The 18-kDa polypeptide is a subunit of wheat germ agglutinin. A change in the activity of lectins may be a nonspecific response of plants to infection with the pathogen

Polymeric Coatings Composition Based on Modified Oligopiperylene Styrene Binders with Galvanic Sludge as a Filler

Abstract The possibility of development of new coating materials based on oligopiperylene styrene modified with alkoxysilane and galvanic sludge as a pigment-filler is presented in this article. The nanostructure of the coating surface and the influence of the composition and nature of the components of paint and varnish materials on its property are studied. These materials are intended for protection buildings from the effects of adverse factors

BLOOD LIPOPROTEINS AS A PLATFORM FOR TRANSPORT OF HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC COMPOUNDS

The paper discusses the transport functions of the main classes of blood plasma lipoproteins (LP) that are not associated with the metabolism of lipids that make up their composition. The aim of the study was to study the ability of various plasma LP fractions (very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high density (HDL)) to interact with certain hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds and show the role of LP as transport forms of xenobiotics in the organs and tissues of the body. Material and methods. The studies were performed with tritium-labeled cytochalasin B, benzylpenicillin, benzanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, ultracentrifugation of human plasma LP fractions, column chromatography; in vivo experiments with intravenous injection of LP complexes with tritium-labeled benzanthracene were conducted. Results. The ability of various classes of LP to form complexes with hydrophilic (cytochalasin B, benzylpenicillin) and hydrophobic (benzanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene) compounds is shown by the method of ultracentrifugation. More than 50 % of the radioactivity of hydrophilic compounds in human blood plasma was represented in the composition of the LDL and HDL fractions, and in the composition of the VLDL fractions it was minimal – 6.3 and 5.1 %, respectively. A significant part of cytochalasin and benzylpenicillin was also present in the protein infranatant – 43.6 and 40.9 %, respectively. The distribution in blood plasma for hydrophobic (benzanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene) compounds was different. More than 80 % of the radioactivity was represented in the composition of the LP fractions. The polar protein infranatant contained 16.1 % of the radioactivity of benzantracene and 13.6 % of benzo(a)pyrene. The features of the lipophilic xenobiotics uptake by organs and tissues were shown in vivo experiments with intravenous injection of complexes of LP with tritium-labeled benzanthracene to rats. The highest specific radioactivity was found in the liver and adrenal glands after the intravenous injection of 3H-benzanthracene in the composition of VLDL and LDL. Twice less uptake of the labeled drug was observed in the testis and kidneys. Radioactivity decreased in the series: lungs,adipose tissue, thymus, heart, and spleen. A feature of the use of HDL as a platform for 3H-enzanthracene is the intense accumulation of lipophilic xenobiotics in steroid-producing organs: the adrenal glands and testis. Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to consider the real possibility of using blood plasma PL as transport platforms for hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds into the cells of organs and tissues

Uptake of cholesterol esters being a part of the different fractions of blood plasma lipoproteins by rats organs and tissues

The paper deals with the functions of the main classes of blood plasma lipoproteins (LP) that are associated with the transport of cholesterol esters included in their composition. The aim of the study was to investigate the features of the uptake of cholesterol esters associated with plasma LP fractions (very low (VLDL), low (LDL), and high density LPs (HDL)) by rat organs and tissues, and to show the participation of various subfractions of HDL (HDL2 and HDL3) as specific cholesterol carriers in the main steroid-producing organs of rats.Material and methods. The in vivo studies with intravenous LP injection of 14C labeled cholesterol oleate (14C-OCh) associated with plasma LP fractions have been carried out.Results. Intravenous injection of a 14C-OCh) in the composition with VLDL led to the maximal mark uptake by the liver. Three times less uptake of labeled cholesterol was observed in the adrenal glands, testes and heart muscle. In other tissues radioactivity gradually decreased in the raw: spleen > lungs > kidneys > thyroid gland and adipose tissue. After the injection of 14C-OCh in the composition of LDL marked predominant uptake of the label by the adrenal glands, testes, and liver. A feature of the use of HDL as a carrier platform for 14C-OCh is the high accumulation of label in steroid-producing organs: the adrenal glands and testis. The dynamics of uptake of 14C-OCh in the composition of HDL by the adrenal glands and testes of rats in different time intervals after injection (30 min, 3, 6 and 12 h) was studied. Adrenal cells actively uptake 14C-OCh from HDL, as a result of which the radioactivity of the tissue increased rapidly and after 30 minutes almost reached its maximum. In contrast to the adrenal glands uptake of the testis was characterized by a gradual increase in radioactivity with a maximum of 6 hours and a rather sharp decrease to 12 hours from the beginning of the experiment. In vitro experiments showed the differences in the effect of HDL2 and HDL3 on the corticosterone production by the adrenal glands of rats.Conclusions. The paper presents the features of uptake of cholesterol esters by organs and tissues of rats depending on the used LP-transporter (VLDL, LDL, HDL). In addition, the results suggest that HDL3 subfraction may be the more preferred source of cholesterol for steroid synthesis in the adrenal cortex of rats compared to HDL2 subfraction

The functional state of kidneys with celiac in children

The paper presents the results of the evaluation of the functional state of kidneys with celiac in children. Our findings indicate a clear trend in patients with celiac disease to the formation of kidney diseases, mainly in the form of dysmetabolic nephropathy, and, more rarely, of tubulointerstitional nephritis. According to the literature, in children with celiac disease may also occur defeat of kidneys in the form of IgA nephropathy, but the surveyed us children of the disease have been identified. Thus, our investigation indicates the need for a comprehensive survey of the kidney in patients with celiac disease in each admission with the goal of early detection of changes in the pre-clinical stage and taking a complex of measures for early correction of the revealed changes.В работе представлены результаты оценки функционального состояния почек при целиакии (Ц) у детей. Полученные нами данные свидетельствуют о выраженной тенденции у пациентов с Ц к формированию патологии почек, преимущественно в виде дисметаболической нефропатии и, реже, тубулоинтерстициального нефрита. По данным литературы, у детей с Ц может так же встречаться поражение почек в виде Ig А нефропатии, но у обследуемых нами детей данное заболевание выявлено не было. Таким образом, проведенное нами исследование указывает на необходимость комплексного обследования почек у пациентов с Ц при каждой госпитализации с целью максимально раннего выявления изменений на доклиническом этапе и принятия комплекса мер по ранней коррекции выявленных изменений

Определение заявляемой мощности промышленного предприятия, участвующей в максимуме нагрузки энергосистемы

The paper considers a regime and economic essence of the problem pertaining to determination of the customer contract demand for industrial consumers of electric power with connected load of Sпp > 250 kV×A. A method for determination of the electric power customer half-hour maximum demand is proposed in the paper. The method is based on the calculation of daily average active load and utilization factor with due account of the occurrence probability of a calculated maximum load value.Рассмотрена режимная и экономическая сущность задачи определения заявляемой мощности для промышленных потребителей электроэнергии с присоединенной мощностью Snp > 250 кВ×А. Предложен метод определения заявляемой получасовой максимальной мощности потребителя электроэнергии, базирующийся на основе расчета среднесуточной активной нагрузки и коэффициента максимума с учетом вероятности появления расчетного значения наибольшей нагрузки

Ethylene and expansin biosynthesis related genes polymorphism in local apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars from VIR Collection of plant genetic resources

At Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) a diverse collec tion of local apple cultivars is maintained. Some of the cultivars are widely used in breeding programs for their ecological plasticity, increased adaptation to abiotic stress and disease resistance, still there have been no large-scale studies of these local cultivars for fruit storage ability. Fruit softening during storage is an important problem for apple production. Retention of desirable firmness after prolonged storage is one of the key requirements for new apple cultivars. Expansin and ethy lene biosynthesis related genes are known to be involved in control of fruit softening in apple, and gene specific molecular markers have been reported. In this study the polymorphism and allelic configuration of ethylene and expansin biosynthesis related genes Md-ACS1, Md-ACO1 and Md-Exp7 involved in control of fruit softening in 87 local apple cultivars from VIR Collection of Plant Genetic Resources were analyzed. PCR markers Md-ACS1, Md-ACO1 and SSR-marker Md-Exp7 were used in the study. The allele frequencies in the collection generally coincided with the data from previous studies. Md-ACS1 allele 2 associated with reduced ethylene production was found only in three local cultivars, while all the studied local cultivars were heterozygous for the Md-ACO1 locus, as well as most modern Russian apple cultivars. Half of the studied local cultivars were heterozygous for Md-Exp7 (198 : 202). Thirteen local cultivars with rare Md-Exp7 alleles (206, 210 and 212) were detected. No association was found between the Md-Exp7 genotype and the cultivars’ maturation time. The obtained results can be used for additional evaluation of the cultivars’ potential for breeding